Brunei

Confidence

Not established.

Basis: energy statistics. All volumes are on the energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports its imports to Eurostat (dataset nrg_ti_oilm). "EU imports" is the sum of what the member states reported importing from everywhere, including from each other and the part they did not attribute to any country.

July 2026 is not used yet: only 7 of 27 member states have reported their crude oil imports for it.

• Volumes are what EU member states reported importing, by the country where the oil was produced (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm, energy basis). They are not the partner's own export statistics, and a member state that did not list the partner has not reported a zero.
• "EU imports" is the sum of the 27 member states' reported imports, including imports from each other; it is not the EU's external trade.

Dataset code

nrg_ti_oilmLicence: Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution

Updated

24 September 2026

Confidence

Official: reported by the statistical authority.

Basis: energy statistics. All volumes are on the energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports its imports to Eurostat (dataset nrg_ti_oilm). "EU imports" is the sum of what the member states reported importing from everywhere, including from each other and the part they did not attribute to any country.

July 2026 is not used yet: only 7 of 27 member states have reported their refined product imports for it.

Seven product families are tracked; bitumen, lubricants and other products are not loaded.

• Volumes are what EU member states reported importing, by the country where the oil was produced (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm, energy basis). They are not the partner's own export statistics, and a member state that did not list the partner has not reported a zero.
• "EU imports" is the sum of the 27 member states' reported imports, including imports from each other; it is not the EU's external trade.
• Refined products cover seven families (LPG, naphtha, petrol, jet fuel, road diesel, heating and other gasoil, fuel oil). Other products such as bitumen and lubricants are not loaded.

Confidence

Not established.

Estimated with the fuel-chain look-through: exports are assumed to leave in proportion to supply, and each country’s refineries are assumed to run on its crude-import mix. Method version 1.4. Calculation lookthrough_v1 (1.4).

No CSV for this section: it is our estimate, served by the API with its method.

• "Inside EU fuel" is an estimate (one-level look-through, docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), not a reported figure.

Confidence

Not established. Where a country loads on both sides of the Strait, the split is not published, so only a range is given.

No CSV for this section: the route classes are cited reference data.

• The Hormuz route describes where the partner loads oil, from cited reference data. Where it loads both inside and outside the Persian Gulf, the split is unknown and only a range is given.