Fuel Origin

Where does European fuel come from, and what is in its price?

Pick a country to see the crude and refined-product origins behind its fuel supply, the refineries on its territory, how much of that supply physically depends on the Strait of Hormuz, and what a litre at the pump is made of.

A record of what public statistics say, each figure traced to its publisher; not a forecast, not an opinion, and never an estimate filled in where data is missing. What this is and is not →

Countries

European Union (27)

Crude figures are for June 2026 unless a row names another month. Pump prices are for the week of 21 Sep 2026.

Sort byCountry ▼Largest crude originThrough HormuzPump price

EU member states: the two largest crude origins behind road diesel, the share that may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, and the latest pump price. Select a column heading to sort.
SwedenCrude behind road diesel:44% Norway · 18% United States · 9% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 9%Pump price:€2.09
SpainCrude behind road diesel:9% United States · 7% Libya · 41% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 44%Pump price:€1.92
SloveniaCrude behind road diesel:6% Libya · 6% Kazakhstan · 69% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:2–74%Pump price:€1.98
SlovakiaCrude behind road diesel:30% Russia · 6% Saudi Arabia · 30% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 36%Pump price:€1.95
RomaniaCrude behind road diesel:23% Kazakhstan · 9% Azerbaijan · 59% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 59%Pump price:€2.09
PortugalCrude behind road diesel:36% Brazil · 13% United States · 2% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 2.5%Pump price:€2.21
PolandCrude behind road diesel:31% Norway · 26% Saudi Arabia · 15% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 37%Pump price:€2.04
NetherlandsCrude behind road diesel:23% United States · 20% Norway · 9% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 9%Pump price:€2.58
MaltaCrude behind road diesel:6% United States · 6% Mexico · 57% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 59%Pump price:€1.21
LuxembourgCrude behind road diesel:29% Norway · 15% United States · 2% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:0.4–2.8%Pump price:€2.11
LithuaniaCrude behind road diesel:40% Norway · 32% Saudi Arabia · 3% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 29%Pump price:€2.26
LatviaCrude behind road diesel:42% Norway · 29% Saudi Arabia · 2% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 26%Pump price:€2.17
ItalyCrude behind road diesel:20% Libya · 15% Kazakhstan · 15% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:1–22%Pump price:€2.28
IrelandCrude behind road diesel:24% United States · 11% Norway · 37% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 37%Pump price:€2.05
HungaryCrude behind road diesel:35% Russia · 10% Libya · 36% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 38%Pump price:€1.96
GreeceCrude behind road diesel:25% Kazakhstan · 17% Iraq · 2% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:16–26%Pump price:€2.22
GermanyCrude behind road diesel:22% United States · 16% Norway · 7% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:1–9%Pump price:€2.46
FranceCrude behind road diesel:15% United States · 12% Kazakhstan · 34% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 35%Pump price:€2.38
FinlandCrude behind road diesel:65% Norway · 14% United StatesThrough Hormuz:nonePump price:€2.56
EstoniaCrude behind road diesel:46% Norway · 25% Saudi Arabia · 2% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:Up to 22%Pump price:€2.11
DenmarkCrude behind road diesel:36% Norway · 30% United States · 34% cannot be traced (December 2025)Through Hormuz:Up to 34%Pump price:€2.56
CzechiaCrude behind road diesel:19% Kazakhstan · 19% Azerbaijan · 3% cannot be traced (July 2026)Through Hormuz:Up to 15%Pump price:€2.07
CyprusCrude behind road diesel:9% Kazakhstan · 6% Iraq · 65% cannot be traced (July 2026)Through Hormuz:6–72%Pump price:€1.95
CroatiaCrude behind road diesel:15% Guyana · 11% Libya · 34% cannot be tracedThrough Hormuz:4–41%Pump price:€1.98
BulgariaCrude behind road diesel:1% Kazakhstan · 0.3% Azerbaijan · 97% cannot be traced (July 2026)Through Hormuz:Up to 98%Pump price:€1.92
BelgiumCrude behind road diesel:19% Norway · 19% United States · 13% cannot be traced (July 2026)Through Hormuz:Up to 13%Pump price:€2.39
AustriaCrude behind road diesel:32% Kazakhstan · 20% United States · 10% cannot be traced (July 2026)Through Hormuz:2–13%Pump price:€2.24

Compare countries side by side →Where the EU’s crude comes from →What is in the EU’s pump prices →Is Hormuz really the reason? →

Source & method

Each row repeats its country page’s headline for road diesel, from the same calculation. Crude behind road diesel is an estimate (label: Estimated) built from Eurostat energy statistics, one country back: where the fuel sold in the country came from, and where the crude behind it was produced. Through Hormuz is the upper end of the range of that crude that may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, from cited export-route reference data. Pump price is the latest weekly price including tax, from the European Commission Weekly Oil Bulletin.

Country names and EU membership come from the curated country reference list (UN M49 names, shortened for display). “Not published” means the figure is not in the published statistics we hold; it is never zero and never filled in.

How the home page is built → How the headline is estimated →

Suppliers to the EU

The five countries outside the EU that member states reported importing the most crude oil from in June 2026. Crude is in million tonnes and as a share of all crude imports reported by the 27 member states; the importers are the largest EU buyers. The Hormuz route is where the country loads its oil, from cited reference data.

The 5 largest suppliers of crude oil to the EU in June 2026: crude to the EU, largest EU importers and Hormuz route.
United StatesCrude to the EU:7.1 Mt · 19%Largest EU importers:Germany, Netherlands, Spain +11 moreHormuz route:Outside the Gulf
KazakhstanCrude to the EU:4.9 Mt · 13%Largest EU importers:Germany, Italy, Greece +8 moreHormuz route:Outside the Gulf
NorwayCrude to the EU:4.3 Mt · 12%Largest EU importers:Poland, Germany, Netherlands +7 moreHormuz route:Outside the Gulf
LibyaCrude to the EU:4.0 Mt · 11%Largest EU importers:Italy, Germany, Spain +9 moreHormuz route:Outside the Gulf
Saudi ArabiaCrude to the EU:2.3 Mt · 6%Largest EU importers:Poland, Italy, Lithuania +4 moreHormuz route:Mixed: up to 82%

All suppliers →