Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2023, all 27 EU member states reported importing 3,795 kt of fuel oil; the largest origins outside the EU were the United Kingdom (10%), and 72% came from other EU member states, with 1% not attributed to any country.
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Where the oil was produced
- Reported (solid)
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
Total to EU member states (Oct 2023)
294.5 thousand tonnes
8% of reported EU fuel oil imports
Official
Top destination countries
- Netherlands180 kt (61%)
- Greece65 kt (22%)
- Spain46 kt (16%)
and 2 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported; colour = country of production
- Summed by us (dotted)
- Origin not reported (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Other origins (38) | Netherlands | 899,654 | 44.2% | Summed by usSum of 6 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Netherlands | 556,278 | 27.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Spain | 365,293 | 70.4% | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Belgium | 232,200 | 73.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 226,791 | 11.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Netherlands | 179,632 | 8.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Netherlands | 171,568 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Malta | 138,197 | 83.6% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Other origins (38) | Other EU (16) | 110,232 | — | Summed by usSum of 13 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Other EU (16) | 79,221 | — | Summed by usSum of 4 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 77,800 | 24.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Germany | 77,357 | 52.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Greece | 64,637 | 50.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Germany | 64,421 | 44.1% | Summed by usSum of 3 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 51,217 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Denmark | 47,000 | 32.2% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| France | Spain | 45,966 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Italy | 44,164 | 50.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Italy | 43,491 | 49.6% | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Greece | 36,126 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Denmark | 33,000 | 22.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Other EU (16) | 30,978 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Belgium | Denmark | 30,000 | 20.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Other EU (16) | 28,811 | — | Summed by usSum of 2 reported flows, added up on this page. |
| Netherlands | Denmark | 25,000 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Spain | 24,834 | 4.8% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Netherlands | Malta | 23,316 | 14.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Spain | 20,416 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Greece | 14,046 | 10.9% | Summed by usSum of the published imports from the smaller origins. |
| Spain | Greece | 13,975 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Spain | 11,011 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 11,000 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other origins (38) | Belgium | 4,300 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Germany | 4,264 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Origin not reported | Other EU (16) | 4,000 | 4.9% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| France | Malta | 3,893 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium | 400 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Eurostat (European Commission)Official
Provenance
OfficialOfficial- Publisher
- Eurostat (European Commission)
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly datanrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm
- Period
- 2023-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 07:29 UTC
- Type
- Official
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised with attribution
- Tonnes are the figures each member state published (OFFICIAL); shares and the 'Other' and 'Origin not reported' sums are our arithmetic on them (CALCULATED).
- Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced.
Left: where the fuel oil was produced. Right: the EU member state that reported importing it in 2023-10, in tonnes. Every solid flow is a figure a member state published. In the Top 5 views the other side keeps its eight largest countries and sums the rest into one “Other” row (our arithmetic, dotted).
Month: 2023-10 (requested; 27 of 27 member states reported). Energy basis: the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm).
Not in the diagram: Hungary, Romania, Slovenia. They reported no imports above zero from any named origin for this month (a reported zero, or origins the publisher withheld). That is not the same as importing nothing.
- Energy basis (Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm): the country where the oil was produced, as each EU member state reports it. The customs basis (country of consignment) is not mixed in.
- Imports from other EU member states are mostly re-exports of oil produced elsewhere; they are grouped separately so they are not read as production.
- A member state's imports the publisher did not attribute to a country are shown as 'Origin not reported', never spread over the named origins.