Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2026, Belgium's road diesel supply was 1,227 kt: 62% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (28%) and Singapore (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (19%), the United States (19%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway233 kt (est. 19%)United States233 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan139 kt (est. 11%)Brazil84 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom69 kt (est. 6%)Guyana55 kt (est. 4%)Democratic Republic of the Congo37 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins214 kt (est. 17%)Singapore: no crude data93 kt (8%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported31 kt (3%)Belgium: crude origin not reported18 kt (1%)United States: no crude data14 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data3.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)764 kt (62%)Netherlands339 kt (28%)Singapore93 kt (8%)United States14 kt (1%)Germany6.7 kt (<1%)Finland6.5 kt (<1%)United Kingdom3.9 kt (<1%)France0.2 kt (<1%)Belgium: road diesel supply1.23 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Singapore
- United States
- Germany
- Finland
- United Kingdom
- France
- Norway233 kt (est. 19%)
- United States233 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan139 kt (est. 11%)
- Brazil84 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom69 kt (est. 6%)
- Guyana55 kt (est. 4%)
- Democratic Republic of the Congo37 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins214 kt (est. 17%)
- Singapore: no crude data93 kt (8%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported31 kt (3%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported18 kt (1%)
- United States: no crude data14 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data3.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jul 2026)
3.9 thousand tonnes
<1% of Belgium's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- United Kingdom3.9 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: road diesel supply | 764,300 | 62.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: road diesel supply | 338,800 | 27.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: road diesel supply | 92,800 | 7.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Belgium: road diesel supply | 13,800 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: road diesel supply | 6,700 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium: road diesel supply | 6,500 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: road diesel supply | 3,900 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 183,529 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 141,380 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 116,714 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 113,102 | 33.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 107,704 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 92,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 70,169 | 20.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium (own refineries) | 54,800 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 54,641 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 46,555 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 43,706 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | Belgium (own refineries) | 37,148 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 30,813 | 9.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 30,011 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 29,176 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 21,823 | 6.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium (own refineries) | 17,522 | 2.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 13,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Finland | 4,742 | 73.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium (own refineries) | 4,306 | 0.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 3,900 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Germany | 1,857 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,684 | 25.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,125 | 17.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,063 | 15.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,028 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 633 | 9.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-07. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 567 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 416 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 83 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 74 | 36.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 43 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 39 | 19.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 16 | 7.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | France | 16 | 7.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 10 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | France | 3 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-05 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Belgium’s supply of road diesel in 2026-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-05 to 2026-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Singapore: no crude data (92,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (30,813 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (17,522 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- United States: no crude data (13,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,322 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (3,900 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.