Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Belgium's road diesel supply was 1,327 kt: 61% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (28%) and Kuwait (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (30%), the United States (15%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway402 kt (est. 30%)United States202 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan130 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom107 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria85 kt (est. 6%)Guyana48 kt (est. 4%)Brazil31 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins173 kt (est. 13%)Kuwait: no crude data70 kt (5%)Singapore: no crude data41 kt (3%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported32 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data6.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)813 kt (61%)Netherlands372 kt (28%)Kuwait70 kt (5%)Singapore41 kt (3%)Germany16 kt (1%)United Kingdom6.6 kt (<1%)Finland5.6 kt (<1%)Greece2.3 kt (<1%)France0.2 kt (<1%)Belgium: road diesel supply1.33 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Kuwait
- Singapore
- Germany
- United Kingdom
- Finland
- Greece
- Other (1)
- Norway402 kt (est. 30%)
- United States202 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan130 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom107 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria85 kt (est. 6%)
- Guyana48 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil31 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins173 kt (est. 13%)
- Kuwait: no crude data70 kt (5%)
- Singapore: no crude data41 kt (3%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported32 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data6.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Apr 2026)
201.7 thousand tonnes
est. 15% of Belgium's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported202 kt estimated
Inferred · mediumEstimated
Last shipped from
- Belgium (own refineries)123 kt (est. 61%)
- Netherlands75 kt (est. 37%)
- Germany2.4 kt (est. 1%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: road diesel supply | 812,900 | 61.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: road diesel supply | 372,400 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium: road diesel supply | 69,800 | 5.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: road diesel supply | 41,400 | 3.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: road diesel supply | 15,800 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: road diesel supply | 6,600 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium: road diesel supply | 5,600 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Belgium: road diesel supply | 2,300 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 313,592 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 123,385 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 97,640 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 90,391 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 81,029 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 75,366 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 69,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 68,973 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 68,591 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 61,408 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 45,860 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 41,400 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 37,061 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 36,501 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 31,761 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 22,846 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 19,244 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium (own refineries) | 11,652 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 6,600 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,059 | 25.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 4,049 | 72.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Germany | 2,663 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 2,436 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,031 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,692 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 1,672 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 1,476 | 64.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Belgium split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 939 | 16.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 757 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 478 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Belgium split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 407 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 382 | 6.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Greece | 274 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Belgium split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Finland | 230 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Brazil | Germany | 84 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Greece | 72 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Belgium split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 63 | 31.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 55 | 27.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 28 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 21 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 14 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France | 11 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 4 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | France | 3 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Belgium’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (69,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (41,400 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (31,761 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (6,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (757 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (4 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.