Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2025, Belgium's road diesel supply was 1,101 kt: 64% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (26%) and Singapore (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (21%), Kazakhstan (15%) and the United States (15%), and 16% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway226 kt (est. 21%)Kazakhstan167 kt (est. 15%)United States162 kt (est. 15%)Brazil72 kt (est. 7%)Guyana62 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria55 kt (est. 5%)Canada37 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins143 kt (est. 13%)Singapore: no crude data64 kt (6%)Belgium: crude origin not reported47 kt (4%)India: no crude data38 kt (3%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported18 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports11 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)705 kt (64%)Netherlands282 kt (26%)Singapore64 kt (6%)India38 kt (3%)Germany6.9 kt (<1%)France5.2 kt (<1%)Belgium: road diesel supply1.10 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Singapore
- India
- Germany
- France
- Norway226 kt (est. 21%)
- Kazakhstan167 kt (est. 15%)
- United States162 kt (est. 15%)
- Brazil72 kt (est. 7%)
- Guyana62 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria55 kt (est. 5%)
- Canada37 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins143 kt (est. 13%)
- Singapore: no crude data64 kt (6%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported47 kt (4%)
- India: no crude data38 kt (3%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported18 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports11 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: road diesel supply | 705,300 | 64.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: road diesel supply | 282,200 | 25.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: road diesel supply | 63,900 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Belgium: road diesel supply | 37,500 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: road diesel supply | 6,900 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| France | Belgium: road diesel supply | 5,200 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 173,440 | 24.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 123,868 | 17.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 96,804 | 13.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 85,750 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 63,900 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 62,981 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 61,690 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium (own refineries) | 56,013 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 52,569 | 18.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 50,670 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium (own refineries) | 47,121 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 41,348 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| India: no crude data | India | 37,500 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 33,905 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Belgium (own refineries) | 26,266 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 20,194 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 18,222 | 6.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 15,784 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Netherlands | 10,318 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 10,115 | 3.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,628 | 38.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 1,707 | 32.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,065 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 1,012 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 996 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 920 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 817 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 669 | 9.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | France | 636 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 565 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France | 268 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | Germany | 228 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 184 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada | France | 125 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 109 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Brazil | Germany | 102 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 57 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | France | 14 | 0.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-09 to 2025-11. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Belgium’s supply of road diesel in 2025-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-09 to 2025-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Singapore: no crude data (63,900 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (47,121 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- India: no crude data (37,500 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (18,222 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (10,668 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (725 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.