Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Belgium's road diesel supply was 1,150 kt: 50% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (32%), Kuwait (8%) and Saudi Arabia (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (23%), the United States (19%) and Kazakhstan (7%), and 20% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway269 kt (est. 23%)United States219 kt (est. 19%)Kazakhstan80 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria67 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom53 kt (est. 5%)Guyana49 kt (est. 4%)Iraq44 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins141 kt (est. 12%)Kuwait: no crude data87 kt (8%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data63 kt (5%)Singapore: no crude data41 kt (4%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported27 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data8.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)578 kt (50%)Netherlands371 kt (32%)Kuwait87 kt (8%)Saudi Arabia63 kt (5%)Singapore41 kt (4%)United Kingdom8.6 kt (<1%)Germany2.1 kt (<1%)France0.2 kt (<1%)Belgium: road diesel supply1.15 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Kuwait
- Saudi Arabia
- Singapore
- United Kingdom
- Germany
- France
- Norway269 kt (est. 23%)
- United States219 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan80 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria67 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom53 kt (est. 5%)
- Guyana49 kt (est. 4%)
- Iraq44 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins141 kt (est. 12%)
- Kuwait: no crude data87 kt (8%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data63 kt (5%)
- Singapore: no crude data41 kt (4%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported27 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data8.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: road diesel supply | 577,700 | 50.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: road diesel supply | 370,700 | 32.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium: road diesel supply | 86,600 | 7.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium: road diesel supply | 62,900 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: road diesel supply | 40,800 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: road diesel supply | 8,600 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: road diesel supply | 2,100 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 189,338 | 32.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 124,221 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 93,994 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 86,600 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 79,596 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 77,995 | 13.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 62,900 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 62,825 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 50,369 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 48,552 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 43,875 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 40,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 29,555 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 29,478 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 26,885 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 25,252 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 23,692 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 23,115 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium (own refineries) | 18,281 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 8,600 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium (own refineries) | 1,376 | 0.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 514 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 338 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 318 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 313 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 232 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 144 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 72 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 72 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | France | 64 | 32.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 63 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | France | 58 | 28.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 34 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 23 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 22 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 14 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France | 12 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 3 | 1.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 2 | 1.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | France | 2 | 0.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | France | 0 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Belgium’s supply of road diesel in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Kuwait: no crude data (86,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (62,900 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (40,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (26,885 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (8,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,442 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (74 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.