Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, France's road diesel supply was 2,327 kt: 62% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United States (16%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (20%), Kazakhstan (10%) and Norway (8%), and 23% cannot be traced.
Country
United States461 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan238 kt (est. 10%)Norway185 kt (est. 8%)Nigeria181 kt (est. 8%)Algeria133 kt (est. 6%)Brazil113 kt (est. 5%)Iraq89 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins398 kt (est. 17%)United States: no crude data370 kt (16%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data51 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data36 kt (2%)France: crude origin not reported30 kt (1%)India: no crude data29 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)1.45 Mt (62%)United States370 kt (16%)Netherlands114 kt (5%)Spain83 kt (4%)Belgium78 kt (3%)Germany57 kt (2%)Saudi Arabia51 kt (2%)Portugal33 kt (1%)Sweden31 kt (1%)India29 kt (1%)Other suppliers36 kt (2%)France: road diesel supply2.33 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- United States
- Netherlands
- Spain
- Belgium
- Germany
- Saudi Arabia
- Portugal
- Other (5)
- United States461 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan238 kt (est. 10%)
- Norway185 kt (est. 8%)
- Nigeria181 kt (est. 8%)
- Algeria133 kt (est. 6%)
- Brazil113 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq89 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins398 kt (est. 17%)
- United States: no crude data370 kt (16%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data51 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data36 kt (2%)
- France: crude origin not reported30 kt (1%)
- India: no crude data29 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported9.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Apr 2026)
1.45 million tonnes
62% of France's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- United States395 kt (est. 27%)
- Other crude origins277 kt (est. 19%)
- Kazakhstan205 kt (est. 14%)
and 6 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: road diesel supply | 1,445,000 | 62.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United States | France: road diesel supply | 370,000 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France: road diesel supply | 114,000 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Spain | France: road diesel supply | 83,000 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: road diesel supply | 78,000 | 3.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | France: road diesel supply | 57,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France: road diesel supply | 51,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | France: road diesel supply | 36,000 | 1.5% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Portugal | France: road diesel supply | 33,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | France: road diesel supply | 31,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | France: road diesel supply | 29,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States | France (own refineries) | 395,054 | 27.3% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 370,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 276,999 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 205,244 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 154,682 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 121,511 | 8.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 104,004 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France (own refineries) | 80,278 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France (own refineries) | 77,398 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 51,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 40,698 | 49.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 36,000 | 300.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Belgium | 30,090 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| France: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 29,831 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| India: no crude data | India | 29,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 27,244 | 23.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 24,805 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 24,495 | 43.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 23,071 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Portugal | 18,969 | 57.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Portugal's road diesel to France split by Portugal's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 18,812 | 24.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 16,615 | 53.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 11,839 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 11,815 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 11,345 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 9,723 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Germany | 9,606 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Spain | 9,288 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 8,790 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 8,673 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 8,489 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 7,628 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 7,326 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 6,994 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 5,892 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 5,891 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 5,246 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Spain | 5,091 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Portugal | 5,039 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Portugal's road diesel to France split by Portugal's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 4,986 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Portugal | 3,439 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Portugal's road diesel to France split by Portugal's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Portugal | 3,243 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Portugal's road diesel to France split by Portugal's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Spain | 2,910 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,730 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 2,721 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Portugal | 2,310 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Portugal's road diesel to France split by Portugal's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 2,206 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 1,576 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 1,469 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 1,156 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 1,126 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium | 1,118 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Sweden | 909 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to France split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Spain | 323 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 304 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: France’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (370,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (51,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (36,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- France: crude origin not reported (29,831 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- India: no crude data (29,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (9,723 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,730 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.