Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, France's road diesel supply was 2,241 kt: 51% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United States (19%), Saudi Arabia (9%) and the Netherlands (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (15%), Kazakhstan (12%) and Norway (7%), and 34% cannot be traced.
Country
United States342 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan276 kt (est. 12%)Norway165 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria128 kt (est. 6%)Algeria116 kt (est. 5%)Libya109 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom72 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins278 kt (est. 12%)United States: no crude data431 kt (19%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data212 kt (9%)Singapore: no crude data30 kt (1%)Egypt: no crude data29 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported28 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports21 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data6.0 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)1.15 Mt (51%)United States431 kt (19%)Saudi Arabia212 kt (9%)Netherlands157 kt (7%)Germany112 kt (5%)Belgium59 kt (3%)Spain53 kt (2%)Singapore30 kt (1%)Egypt29 kt (1%)China6.0 kt (<1%)France: road diesel supply2.24 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- United States
- Saudi Arabia
- Netherlands
- Germany
- Belgium
- Spain
- Singapore
- Other (2)
- United States342 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan276 kt (est. 12%)
- Norway165 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria128 kt (est. 6%)
- Algeria116 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya109 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom72 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins278 kt (est. 12%)
- United States: no crude data431 kt (19%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data212 kt (9%)
- Singapore: no crude data30 kt (1%)
- Egypt: no crude data29 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported28 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports21 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data6.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: road diesel supply | 1,152,000 | 51.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United States | France: road diesel supply | 431,000 | 19.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France: road diesel supply | 212,000 | 9.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France: road diesel supply | 157,000 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | France: road diesel supply | 112,000 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: road diesel supply | 59,000 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France: road diesel supply | 53,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | France: road diesel supply | 30,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Egypt | France: road diesel supply | 29,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | France: road diesel supply | 6,000 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States: no crude data | United States | 431,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | France (own refineries) | 257,985 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 229,343 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 212,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 177,662 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 113,932 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 107,908 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 101,672 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | France (own refineries) | 87,827 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France (own refineries) | 44,600 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 42,320 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 35,573 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 30,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 29,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 27,287 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 25,411 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 25,143 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 24,333 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 17,895 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 17,756 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 17,642 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 17,507 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 15,825 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 15,012 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 13,802 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 13,317 | 1.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 12,061 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 10,377 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 9,899 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 8,440 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 8,051 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 7,786 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | China | 6,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Spain | 5,998 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 5,432 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 4,957 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 4,510 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 3,861 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 3,253 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 3,017 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 2,797 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Spain | 2,683 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 2,434 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 2,082 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 1,566 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to France split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Belgium | 1,327 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 1,135 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 801 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 550 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Spain | 200 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: France’s supply of road diesel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (431,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (212,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (30,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Egypt: no crude data (29,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (28,288 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (20,552 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (6,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.