Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Hungary's road diesel supply was 449 kt: 26% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (33%), Saudi Arabia (24%) and Austria (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (34%), Libya (10%) and Kazakhstan (5%), and 36% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia155 kt (est. 34%)Libya43 kt (est. 10%)Kazakhstan23 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom17 kt (est. 4%)Switzerland14 kt (est. 3%)Norway8.5 kt (est. 2%)Ukraine8.0 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data109 kt (24%)Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data11 kt (2%)Hungary: crude not from imports9.5 kt (2%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported8.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.6 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)119 kt (26%)Slovakia147 kt (33%)Saudi Arabia109 kt (24%)Austria30 kt (7%)Slovenia21 kt (5%)United Arab Emirates11 kt (2%)Germany4.4 kt (<1%)Czechia4.4 kt (<1%)Bulgaria2.5 kt (<1%)Italy0.9 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply449 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Saudi Arabia
- Austria
- Slovenia
- United Arab Emirates
- Germany
- Czechia
- Other (2)
- Russia155 kt (est. 34%)
- Libya43 kt (est. 10%)
- Kazakhstan23 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom17 kt (est. 4%)
- Switzerland14 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway8.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Ukraine8.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data109 kt (24%)
- Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data11 kt (2%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports9.5 kt (2%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported8.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.6 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 147,400 | 32.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 118,500 | 26.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 109,000 | 24.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 30,000 | 6.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 20,500 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Hungary: road diesel supply | 11,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 4,400 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: road diesel supply | 4,400 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 2,500 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary: road diesel supply | 900 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 109,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 84,055 | 57.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 70,515 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 32,160 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 20,500 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 18,521 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 16,564 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia | 14,355 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 11,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 9,455 | 8.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 8,028 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 7,218 | 24.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 7,032 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 6,494 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Slovakia | 5,539 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 5,333 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 3,080 | 70.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,074 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,762 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,463 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 2,418 | 96.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,111 | 48.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,187 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,020 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 791 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 693 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 688 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 484 | 53.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 408 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 389 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 288 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 242 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Italy | 213 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 155 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 124 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 110 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Bulgaria | 82 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Italy | 22 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 20 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 5 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (109,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovenia: no refinery (20,500 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (11,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (9,455 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (8,028 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,419 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,641 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.