Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In August 2024, France's road diesel supply was 2,866 kt: 51% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United States (14%), Spain (6%) and Saudi Arabia (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the United States (12%), Norway (7%) and Kazakhstan (7%), and 38% cannot be traced.
Country
United States354 kt (est. 12%)Norway192 kt (est. 7%)Kazakhstan189 kt (est. 7%)Iraq182 kt (est. 6%)Nigeria178 kt (est. 6%)Algeria167 kt (est. 6%)Angola120 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins396 kt (est. 14%)United States: no crude data387 kt (14%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data157 kt (5%)India: no crude data147 kt (5%)Kuwait: no crude data101 kt (4%)Singapore: no crude data52 kt (2%)France: crude not from imports48 kt (2%)Nigeria: no crude data39 kt (1%)France: crude origin not reported38 kt (1%)Other suppliers: no crude data34 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported34 kt (1%)Origin not reported: crude unknown31 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data16 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.0 kt (<1%)France (own refineries)1.45 Mt (51%)United States387 kt (14%)Spain158 kt (6%)Saudi Arabia157 kt (5%)India147 kt (5%)Netherlands128 kt (4%)Belgium111 kt (4%)Kuwait101 kt (4%)Singapore52 kt (2%)Nigeria39 kt (1%)Other suppliers101 kt (4%)Imports, origin not reported31 kt (1%)France: road diesel supply2.87 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- France (own refineries)
- United States
- Spain
- Saudi Arabia
- India
- Netherlands
- Belgium
- Kuwait
- Other (7)
- United States354 kt (est. 12%)
- Norway192 kt (est. 7%)
- Kazakhstan189 kt (est. 7%)
- Iraq182 kt (est. 6%)
- Nigeria178 kt (est. 6%)
- Algeria167 kt (est. 6%)
- Angola120 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins396 kt (est. 14%)
- United States: no crude data387 kt (14%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data157 kt (5%)
- India: no crude data147 kt (5%)
- Kuwait: no crude data101 kt (4%)
- Singapore: no crude data52 kt (2%)
- France: crude not from imports48 kt (2%)
- Nigeria: no crude data39 kt (1%)
- France: crude origin not reported38 kt (1%)
- Other suppliers: no crude data34 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported34 kt (1%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown31 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data16 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports4.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| France (own refineries) | France: road diesel supply | 1,454,000 | 50.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United States | France: road diesel supply | 387,000 | 13.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | France: road diesel supply | 158,000 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | France: road diesel supply | 157,000 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | France: road diesel supply | 147,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | France: road diesel supply | 128,000 | 4.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | France: road diesel supply | 111,000 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | France: road diesel supply | 101,000 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | France: road diesel supply | 101,000 | 3.5% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Singapore | France: road diesel supply | 52,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Nigeria | France: road diesel supply | 39,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | France: road diesel supply | 31,000 | 1.1% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United States: no crude data | United States | 387,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | France (own refineries) | 278,675 | 19.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France (own refineries) | 247,405 | 17.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | France (own refineries) | 161,143 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | France (own refineries) | 159,466 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 157,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | France (own refineries) | 155,871 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| India: no crude data | India | 147,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | France (own refineries) | 141,973 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France (own refineries) | 118,850 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | France (own refineries) | 105,312 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to France split by France's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 101,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 81,318 | 51.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 52,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| France: crude not from imports | France (own refineries) | 47,684 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria: no crude data | Nigeria | 39,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| France: crude origin not reported | France (own refineries) | 37,620 | 2.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 34,274 | 26.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other suppliers: no crude data | Other suppliers | 34,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 31,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 28,658 | 97.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 27,921 | 21.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 25,536 | 23.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Spain | 22,513 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 21,374 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 20,304 | 18.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 20,148 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Spain | 19,369 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 16,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 15,450 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 13,792 | 12.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 12,445 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Netherlands | 10,837 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 10,109 | 7.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Angola | Spain | 9,334 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 9,283 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 7,861 | 38.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 7,020 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Spain | 6,808 | 4.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Algeria | Spain | 5,803 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Spain | 5,579 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Belgium | 4,908 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 4,328 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Belgium | 3,842 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to France split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Spain | 3,173 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 3,082 | 12.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Spain | 2,492 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to France split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 2,411 | 7.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 2,148 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Angola | Netherlands | 1,756 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to France split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Spain | 1,611 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Other suppliers | 1,442 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Other suppliers | 641 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Other suppliers | 429 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to France split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-06 to 2024-08. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-08 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-08 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: France’s supply of road diesel in 2024-08, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-08 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-06 to 2024-08.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (387,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (157,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- India: no crude data (147,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Kuwait: no crude data (101,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Singapore: no crude data (52,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- France: crude not from imports (47,684 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Nigeria: no crude data (39,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- France: crude origin not reported (37,620 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Other suppliers: no crude data (34,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (33,792 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (31,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (16,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (4,022 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Imports, origin not reported (31,000 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.