Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Hungary's petrol supply was 120 kt: 63% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Austria (19%) and Slovakia (15%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (46%), Libya (20%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia55 kt (est. 46%)Libya24 kt (est. 20%)Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 14%)United States2.8 kt (est. 2%)Ukraine2.2 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom2.1 kt (est. 2%)Guyana2.0 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 5%)Hungary: crude not from imports6.0 kt (5%)Slovenia: no refinery2.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.0 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)75 kt (63%)Austria23 kt (19%)Slovakia18 kt (15%)Slovenia2.1 kt (2%)Czechia1.3 kt (1%)Hungary: petrol supply120 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Austria
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Czechia
- Russia55 kt (est. 46%)
- Libya24 kt (est. 20%)
- Kazakhstan16 kt (est. 14%)
- United States2.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Ukraine2.2 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom2.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana2.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins5.7 kt (est. 5%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports6.0 kt (5%)
- Slovenia: no refinery2.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.0 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Petrol supplied (Jun 2026)
23.2 thousand tonnes
19% of Hungary's petrol supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Kazakhstan14 kt (est. 62%)
- United States2.8 kt (est. 12%)
- Libya2.4 kt (est. 10%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: petrol supply | 74,900 | 62.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Austria | Hungary: petrol supply | 23,200 | 19.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: petrol supply | 18,300 | 15.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: petrol supply | 2,100 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: petrol supply | 1,300 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 44,570 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 20,327 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 14,323 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 10,436 | 57.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 5,976 | 8.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 3,251 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 2,769 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,377 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 2,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 2,056 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria | 1,994 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,746 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,557 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 997 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 919 | 70.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 918 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 873 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 820 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's petrol to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 723 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's petrol to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Slovakia | 688 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's petrol to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 234 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 76 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's petrol to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 71 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Hungary’s supply of petrol in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (5,976 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (2,100 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (997 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (989 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.