Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Hungary's jet fuel supply was 50 kt: 28% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovenia (30%), Germany (27%) and Slovakia (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (22%), Libya (11%) and the United States (6%), and 38% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia11 kt (est. 22%)Libya5.3 kt (est. 11%)United States3.0 kt (est. 6%)Kazakhstan2.5 kt (est. 5%)Norway2.4 kt (est. 5%)United Kingdom1.7 kt (est. 3%)Guyana1.6 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins3.5 kt (est. 7%)Slovenia: no refinery15 kt (30%)China: no crude data2.2 kt (4%)Hungary: crude not from imports1.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)14 kt (28%)Slovenia15 kt (30%)Germany13 kt (27%)Slovakia4.5 kt (9%)China2.2 kt (4%)Croatia1.1 kt (2%)Hungary: jet fuel supply50 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Russia11 kt (est. 22%)
- Libya5.3 kt (est. 11%)
- United States3.0 kt (est. 6%)
- Kazakhstan2.5 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway2.4 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom1.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Guyana1.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins3.5 kt (est. 7%)
- Slovenia: no refinery15 kt (30%)
- China: no crude data2.2 kt (4%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports1.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Jet fuel supplied (Jun 2026)
13.4 thousand tonnes
27% of Hungary's jet fuel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- United States3.0 kt (est. 23%)
- Other crude origins2.2 kt (est. 17%)
- Kazakhstan2.1 kt (est. 16%)
and 5 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 15,300 | 30.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 13,900 | 27.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 13,400 | 26.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 4,500 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 2,200 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: jet fuel supply | 1,100 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 15,300 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 8,271 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 3,772 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 3,040 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 2,566 | 57.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,243 | 16.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| China: no crude data | China | 2,200 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,111 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,095 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,242 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,184 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 1,147 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's jet fuel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 1,109 | 8.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 770 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 506 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Croatia | 492 | 44.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 335 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 324 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 304 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 245 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 224 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 215 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 205 | 18.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 198 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 120 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's jet fuel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 110 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 68 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's jet fuel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of jet fuel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month that can be drawn, the month its country page shows). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (15,300 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- China: no crude data (2,200 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (1,109 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (540 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (249 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.