Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Hungary's road diesel supply was 451 kt: 58% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (15%), Austria (10%) and Israel (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (58%) and Kazakhstan (8%), and 27% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia263 kt (est. 58%)Kazakhstan37 kt (est. 8%)Libya7.8 kt (est. 2%)Croatia7.1 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan4.8 kt (est. 1%)United Kingdom4.4 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins4.5 kt (est. 1%)Hungary: crude not from imports44 kt (10%)Israel: no crude data31 kt (7%)Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data15 kt (3%)Austria: crude origin not reported5.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)261 kt (58%)Slovakia68 kt (15%)Austria44 kt (10%)Israel31 kt (7%)Slovenia21 kt (5%)Saudi Arabia15 kt (3%)Czechia8.0 kt (2%)Romania3.0 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply451 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Israel
- Slovenia
- Saudi Arabia
- Czechia
- Romania
- Russia263 kt (est. 58%)
- Kazakhstan37 kt (est. 8%)
- Libya7.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Croatia7.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan4.8 kt (est. 1%)
- United Kingdom4.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia1.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins4.5 kt (est. 1%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports44 kt (10%)
- Israel: no crude data31 kt (7%)
- Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data15 kt (3%)
- Austria: crude origin not reported5.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Feb 2024)
3.0 thousand tonnes
<1% of Hungary's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Kazakhstan1.4 kt (est. 45%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.6 kt (21%)
- Other crude origins0.4 kt (est. 13%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 261,000 | 57.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 68,000 | 15.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 44,000 | 9.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Hungary: road diesel supply | 31,000 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 21,000 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 15,000 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 8,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 196,282 | 75.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 63,576 | 93.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 44,139 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 31,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 21,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 20,835 | 47.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 15,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 13,483 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 7,550 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary (own refineries) | 7,096 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude origin not reported | Austria | 5,296 | 12.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 4,424 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 4,157 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 3,555 | 44.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 2,764 | 34.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 2,515 | 5.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,826 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 1,820 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,587 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 1,362 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 626 | 20.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 379 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 282 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 189 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 162 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 94 | 1.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (44,139 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Israel: no crude data (31,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovenia: no refinery (21,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (15,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Austria: crude origin not reported (5,296 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,235 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (162 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.