Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2026, Hungary's road diesel supply was 463 kt: 37% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the United Kingdom (25%), Türkiye (7%) and Austria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (9%), and 66% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia44 kt (est. 9%)Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 4%)Libya20 kt (est. 4%)Norway17 kt (est. 4%)Kazakhstan14 kt (est. 3%)United States8.1 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan7.3 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins29 kt (est. 6%)United Kingdom: no crude data117 kt (25%)Hungary: crude not from imports107 kt (23%)Türkiye: no crude data33 kt (7%)Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.9 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported7.8 kt (2%)Other suppliers: no crude data6.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data3.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)169 kt (37%)United Kingdom117 kt (25%)Türkiye33 kt (7%)Austria30 kt (6%)Italy28 kt (6%)Slovakia23 kt (5%)Slovenia21 kt (5%)Netherlands15 kt (3%)Germany6.7 kt (1%)Czechia6.5 kt (1%)Other suppliers13 kt (3%)Hungary: road diesel supply463 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- United Kingdom
- Türkiye
- Austria
- Italy
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Netherlands
- Other (6)
- Russia44 kt (est. 9%)
- Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya20 kt (est. 4%)
- Norway17 kt (est. 4%)
- Kazakhstan14 kt (est. 3%)
- United States8.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan7.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins29 kt (est. 6%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data117 kt (25%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports107 kt (23%)
- Türkiye: no crude data33 kt (7%)
- Slovenia: no refinery21 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports8.9 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported7.8 kt (2%)
- Other suppliers: no crude data6.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data3.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Mar 2026)
116.6 thousand tonnes
25% of Hungary's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- United Kingdom117 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 169,200 | 36.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary: road diesel supply | 116,600 | 25.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Hungary: road diesel supply | 33,000 | 7.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 29,800 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary: road diesel supply | 28,000 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 23,200 | 5.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 21,200 | 4.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Hungary: road diesel supply | 15,000 | 3.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Hungary: road diesel supply | 13,400 | 2.9% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Germany | Hungary: road diesel supply | 6,700 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 6,500 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 116,600 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 107,111 | 63.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 33,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 31,814 | 18.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 21,200 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary (own refineries) | 12,039 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 11,700 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 10,055 | 33.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 10,054 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 7,728 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 7,597 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 6,315 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other suppliers: no crude data | Other suppliers | 6,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 5,631 | 37.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 5,517 | 18.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,137 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,044 | 2.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 3,992 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 3,463 | 14.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Netherlands | 3,383 | 22.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 3,373 | 11.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 3,314 | 22.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 3,114 | 13.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 3,100 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 2,900 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 2,786 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 2,688 | 11.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 2,549 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 2,359 | 35.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 2,172 | 33.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,067 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 1,858 | 6.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,830 | 28.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 1,697 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 1,592 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria | 1,516 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,214 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,122 | 7.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United States | Germany | 1,096 | 16.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1,046 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 845 | 2.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 823 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 781 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 766 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 675 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 580 | 41.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Hungary split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 556 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 538 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 380 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 355 | 25.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 280 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 230 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Other suppliers | 193 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Hungary split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 160 | 2.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 151 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Hungary split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 141 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 127 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 99 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 68 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Hungary split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 52 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Hungary split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Netherlands | 25 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Hungary split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-01 to 2026-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2026-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-01 to 2026-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (116,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (107,111 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Türkiye: no crude data (33,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovenia: no refinery (21,200 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (8,860 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (7,765 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Other suppliers: no crude data (6,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (3,100 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.