Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Hungary's road diesel supply was 411 kt: 39% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (28%), the United Kingdom (20%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (41%), and 44% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia170 kt (est. 41%)Kazakhstan17 kt (est. 4%)Saudi Arabia12 kt (est. 3%)Ukraine7.3 kt (est. 2%)Hungary5.8 kt (est. 1%)Libya5.0 kt (est. 1%)Azerbaijan3.7 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins8.4 kt (est. 2%)United Kingdom: no crude data81 kt (20%)Hungary: crude not from imports65 kt (16%)Slovenia: no refinery25 kt (6%)Slovakia: crude not from imports8.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data1.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)159 kt (39%)Slovakia116 kt (28%)United Kingdom81 kt (20%)Slovenia25 kt (6%)Austria19 kt (5%)Czechia9.1 kt (2%)Italy1.2 kt (<1%)United States1.0 kt (<1%)Romania0.8 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply411 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- United Kingdom
- Slovenia
- Austria
- Czechia
- Italy
- United States
- Other (1)
- Russia170 kt (est. 41%)
- Kazakhstan17 kt (est. 4%)
- Saudi Arabia12 kt (est. 3%)
- Ukraine7.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Hungary5.8 kt (est. 1%)
- Libya5.0 kt (est. 1%)
- Azerbaijan3.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins8.4 kt (est. 2%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data81 kt (20%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports65 kt (16%)
- Slovenia: no refinery25 kt (6%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports8.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Jan 2026)
1.0 thousand tonnes
<1% of Hungary's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.0 kt (100%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 158,500 | 38.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 115,600 | 28.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary: road diesel supply | 80,800 | 19.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 25,100 | 6.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 19,300 | 4.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 9,100 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary: road diesel supply | 1,200 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Hungary: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: road diesel supply | 800 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Slovakia | 86,074 | 74.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 83,626 | 52.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 80,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 64,605 | 40.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 25,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 9,522 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 8,561 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 8,495 | 44.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 6,970 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia | 5,805 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 4,991 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Slovakia | 4,146 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,449 | 37.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,201 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Hungary (own refineries) | 3,129 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 2,749 | 30.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,805 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,595 | 8.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 1,492 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,097 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,017 | 5.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United States | 1,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 411 | 34.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 341 | 42.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 294 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 214 | 26.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 183 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 170 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 122 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 119 | 10.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 118 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 104 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 58 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 30 | 2.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Ukraine | Romania | 5 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Kingdom: no crude data (80,800 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (64,605 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (25,100 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (8,561 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,929 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (30 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.