Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In March 2024, Hungary's road diesel supply was 452 kt: 46% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (13%), Greece (12%) and Austria (10%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (47%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 24% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia212 kt (est. 47%)Kazakhstan55 kt (est. 12%)Iraq18 kt (est. 4%)Libya16 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia7.3 kt (est. 2%)Azerbaijan6.9 kt (est. 2%)Norway6.9 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins21 kt (est. 5%)Hungary: crude not from imports36 kt (8%)Türkiye: no crude data33 kt (7%)Slovenia: no refinery23 kt (5%)United Kingdom: no crude data8.0 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.6 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)206 kt (46%)Slovakia58 kt (13%)Greece56 kt (12%)Austria44 kt (10%)Türkiye33 kt (7%)Slovenia23 kt (5%)Germany11 kt (2%)Czechia10 kt (2%)United Kingdom8.0 kt (2%)Romania3.0 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply452 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Greece
- Austria
- Türkiye
- Slovenia
- Germany
- Czechia
- Other (2)
- Russia212 kt (est. 47%)
- Kazakhstan55 kt (est. 12%)
- Iraq18 kt (est. 4%)
- Libya16 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia7.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Azerbaijan6.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway6.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins21 kt (est. 5%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports36 kt (8%)
- Türkiye: no crude data33 kt (7%)
- Slovenia: no refinery23 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data8.0 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported6.6 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.7 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 206,000 | 45.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 58,000 | 12.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Greece | Hungary: road diesel supply | 56,000 | 12.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 44,000 | 9.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Hungary: road diesel supply | 33,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 23,000 | 5.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: road diesel supply | 11,000 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 10,000 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Hungary: road diesel supply | 8,000 | 1.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 155,971 | 75.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 51,222 | 88.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 35,550 | 17.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 33,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 25,196 | 57.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 23,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Iraq | Greece | 18,211 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Hungary split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 14,872 | 26.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Hungary split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 10,006 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 8,334 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Hungary split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom: no crude data | United Kingdom | 8,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 6,778 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 6,263 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 5,237 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Hungary split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 4,943 | 49.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 4,886 | 44.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,473 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 3,305 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Hungary split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,241 | 32.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 3,169 | 7.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,617 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 2,560 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Hungary split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 2,312 | 4.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,105 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 2,029 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 1,880 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,816 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,755 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,386 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 1,230 | 41.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 1,170 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Hungary split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Austria | 1,089 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 932 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Germany | 850 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 807 | 26.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Romania | 377 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 314 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Germany | 283 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 220 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 179 | 1.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 174 | 5.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 161 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Romania | 98 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-01 to 2024-03. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-03 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-03 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2024-03, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-03 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-01 to 2024-03.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (35,550 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Türkiye: no crude data (33,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Slovenia: no refinery (23,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- United Kingdom: no crude data (8,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (6,587 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,723 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.