Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Hungary's road diesel supply was 470 kt: 56% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (13%), the United Arab Emirates (13%) and Austria (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (57%) and Kazakhstan (5%), and 30% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia268 kt (est. 57%)Kazakhstan25 kt (est. 5%)Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia8.3 kt (est. 2%)Croatia4.7 kt (est. 1%)Algeria2.3 kt (est. <1%)Libya2.3 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins4.9 kt (est. 1%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data61 kt (13%)Hungary: crude not from imports48 kt (10%)Slovenia: no refinery29 kt (6%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)264 kt (56%)Slovakia62 kt (13%)United Arab Emirates61 kt (13%)Austria42 kt (9%)Slovenia29 kt (6%)Czechia7.0 kt (1%)Germany3.0 kt (<1%)Romania2.0 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply470 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- United Arab Emirates
- Austria
- Slovenia
- Czechia
- Germany
- Romania
- Russia268 kt (est. 57%)
- Kazakhstan25 kt (est. 5%)
- Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia8.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Croatia4.7 kt (est. 1%)
- Algeria2.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Libya2.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins4.9 kt (est. 1%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data61 kt (13%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports48 kt (10%)
- Slovenia: no refinery29 kt (6%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 264,000 | 56.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 62,000 | 13.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Hungary: road diesel supply | 61,000 | 13.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 42,000 | 8.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 29,000 | 6.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 7,000 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 211,747 | 80.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 61,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 52,974 | 85.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 47,544 | 18.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 29,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 22,724 | 54.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Slovakia | 6,708 | 10.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 5,999 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,709 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 3,178 | 45.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 3,175 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 2,748 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 2,465 | 5.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 2,411 | 34.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 2,318 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Austria | 2,266 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 2,064 | 4.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 1,944 | 64.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,025 | 14.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 811 | 40.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 558 | 1.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 447 | 22.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 413 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 385 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 315 | 15.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 195 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 188 | 6.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Romania | 182 | 9.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 163 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 137 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 77 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 58 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 51 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 21 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (61,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (47,544 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (29,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (3,435 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (903 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.