Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Hungary's road diesel supply was 484 kt: 54% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (17%), Austria (8%) and Italy (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (59%) and Kazakhstan (6%), and 25% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia285 kt (est. 59%)Kazakhstan28 kt (est. 6%)Azerbaijan16 kt (est. 3%)Libya16 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia6.4 kt (est. 1%)United States2.8 kt (est. <1%)Iraq2.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 2%)Hungary: crude not from imports52 kt (11%)Slovenia: no refinery28 kt (6%)Türkiye: no crude data26 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports9.9 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.5 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)262 kt (54%)Slovakia82 kt (17%)Austria41 kt (8%)Italy34 kt (7%)Slovenia28 kt (6%)Türkiye26 kt (5%)Czechia9.3 kt (2%)Romania0.8 kt (<1%)Croatia0.5 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply484 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Slovakia
- Austria
- Italy
- Slovenia
- Türkiye
- Czechia
- Romania
- Other (1)
- Russia285 kt (est. 59%)
- Kazakhstan28 kt (est. 6%)
- Azerbaijan16 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya16 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia6.4 kt (est. 1%)
- United States2.8 kt (est. <1%)
- Iraq2.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins8.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports52 kt (11%)
- Slovenia: no refinery28 kt (6%)
- Türkiye: no crude data26 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports9.9 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported3.5 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 261,700 | 54.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 82,300 | 17.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 41,100 | 8.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Hungary: road diesel supply | 34,100 | 7.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 27,900 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Hungary: road diesel supply | 26,000 | 5.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 9,300 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: road diesel supply | 800 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 500 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 202,730 | 77.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 80,322 | 97.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 52,497 | 20.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 27,900 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 26,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 21,053 | 51.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 7,954 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 7,578 | 18.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 7,400 | 21.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Hungary (own refineries) | 6,473 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-03 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 5,780 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 4,801 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 4,008 | 9.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 3,897 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Austria | 3,484 | 8.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,462 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 2,735 | 8.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Iraq | Italy | 2,053 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 1,999 | 21.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Italy | 1,987 | 5.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,691 | 18.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Czechia | 1,662 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 1,389 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 1,089 | 1.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 889 | 1.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Austria | 766 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 486 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 367 | 45.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 293 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Croatia | 278 | 55.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 219 | 27.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 121 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Croatia | 95 | 19.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 93 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 47 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 45 | 5.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 34 | 6.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Hungary: crude not from imports (52,497 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (27,900 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Türkiye: no crude data (26,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (9,945 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3,484 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.