Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Hungary's road diesel supply was 412 kt: 27% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Slovakia (32%), Saudi Arabia (23%) and Slovenia (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from the Russia (32%), and 53% cannot be traced.
Country
Russia133 kt (est. 32%)Libya12 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia9.7 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan8.7 kt (est. 2%)Hungary7.7 kt (est. 2%)Norway4.4 kt (est. 1%)Azerbaijan4.3 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins12 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data95 kt (23%)Hungary: crude not from imports63 kt (15%)Slovenia: no refinery39 kt (9%)Slovakia: crude not from imports21 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)112 kt (27%)Slovakia131 kt (32%)Saudi Arabia95 kt (23%)Slovenia39 kt (9%)Austria16 kt (4%)Czechia9.9 kt (2%)Germany8.1 kt (2%)Romania0.6 kt (<1%)Italy0.2 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply412 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Slovakia
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Saudi Arabia
- Slovenia
- Austria
- Czechia
- Germany
- Romania
- Other (1)
- Russia133 kt (est. 32%)
- Libya12 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia9.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan8.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Hungary7.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Norway4.4 kt (est. 1%)
- Azerbaijan4.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins12 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data95 kt (23%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports63 kt (15%)
- Slovenia: no refinery39 kt (9%)
- Slovakia: crude not from imports21 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 131,300 | 31.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 112,300 | 27.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 94,900 | 23.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 38,700 | 9.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 16,400 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 9,900 | 2.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Hungary: road diesel supply | 8,100 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: road diesel supply | 600 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 94,900 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 86,192 | 65.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 63,401 | 56.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 46,428 | 41.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 38,700 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Slovakia: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 21,370 | 16.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 8,019 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 7,995 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Hungary | Slovakia | 7,725 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 6,004 | 36.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 5,802 | 35.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,830 | 47.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 3,682 | 37.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 3,137 | 19.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Czechia | 3,126 | 31.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 2,471 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 1,692 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 1,228 | 15.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 1,227 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 1,208 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 1,136 | 6.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Germany | 1,118 | 13.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 321 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 278 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 269 | 44.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 241 | 3.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 173 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 166 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 153 | 25.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania | 89 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 69 | 34.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 54 | 27.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 45 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 31 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Hungary split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 31 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Romania | 25 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 19 | 3.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 17 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 15 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 6 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 5 | 2.5% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Italy | 3 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Hungary split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (94,900 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (63,401 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (38,700 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Slovakia: crude not from imports (21,370 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (1,537 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (283 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.