Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Hungary's road diesel supply was 380 kt: 43% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Saudi Arabia (31%), Slovakia (15%) and Slovenia (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (11%), the Russia (8%) and Saudi Arabia (6%), and 62% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya40 kt (est. 11%)Russia31 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia22 kt (est. 6%)Norway15 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom9.7 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstan8.3 kt (est. 2%)Switzerland8.1 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins10 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data120 kt (31%)Hungary: crude not from imports77 kt (20%)Slovenia: no refinery22 kt (6%)Slovakia: crude origin not reported8.5 kt (2%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.1 kt (<1%)Hungary (own refineries)163 kt (43%)Saudi Arabia120 kt (31%)Slovakia55 kt (15%)Slovenia22 kt (6%)Austria5.2 kt (1%)Bulgaria5.1 kt (1%)Croatia4.0 kt (1%)Romania3.5 kt (<1%)Czechia2.3 kt (<1%)Hungary: road diesel supply380 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Hungary (own refineries)
- Saudi Arabia
- Slovakia
- Slovenia
- Austria
- Bulgaria
- Croatia
- Romania
- Other (1)
- Libya40 kt (est. 11%)
- Russia31 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia22 kt (est. 6%)
- Norway15 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom9.7 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstan8.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Switzerland8.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins10 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data120 kt (31%)
- Hungary: crude not from imports77 kt (20%)
- Slovenia: no refinery22 kt (6%)
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported8.5 kt (2%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported5.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary (own refineries) | Hungary: road diesel supply | 162,900 | 42.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 119,600 | 31.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 55,400 | 14.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 22,000 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Austria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 5,200 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Hungary: road diesel supply | 5,100 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Croatia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 4,000 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Romania | Hungary: road diesel supply | 3,500 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Hungary: road diesel supply | 2,300 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 119,600 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Hungary: crude not from imports | Hungary (own refineries) | 76,996 | 47.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Hungary (own refineries) | 35,887 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 22,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Russia | Hungary (own refineries) | 19,244 | 11.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 12,176 | 22.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Hungary (own refineries) | 11,727 | 7.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary (own refineries) | 11,276 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovakia | 9,525 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Slovakia | 9,296 | 16.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovakia: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 8,463 | 15.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Switzerland | Slovakia | 8,056 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 5,100 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary (own refineries) | 4,012 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary (own refineries) | 3,759 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Hungary split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Slovakia | 3,645 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 3,141 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Croatia | 2,757 | 68.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 2,343 | 45.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,347 | 25.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 1,197 | 34.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 1,137 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Romania | 1,029 | 29.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Czechia | 865 | 37.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 672 | 29.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Croatia | 665 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Croatia | 578 | 14.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Croatia's road diesel to Hungary split by Croatia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 570 | 11.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 569 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Hungary split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Slovakia | 530 | 1.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Austria | 422 | 8.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 381 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 283 | 5.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Czechia | 250 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Hungary split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Austria | 235 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Hungary split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania | 137 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Hungary split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 133 | 5.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Hungary’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (119,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Hungary: crude not from imports (76,996 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Slovenia: no refinery (22,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Slovakia: crude origin not reported (8,463 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (5,100 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,143 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.