Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In November 2024, Latvia's road diesel supply was 102 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (57%) and Finland (33%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (45%), Saudi Arabia (19%) and the United Kingdom (15%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway46 kt (est. 45%)Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 19%)United Kingdom15 kt (est. 15%)United States7.8 kt (est. 8%)Algeria2.4 kt (est. 2%)Guyana1.7 kt (est. 2%)Denmark1.3 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 2%)United Arab Emirates: no crude data2.1 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data1.8 kt (2%)China: no crude data1.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.8 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Lithuania58 kt (57%)Finland34 kt (33%)Belgium3.8 kt (4%)United Arab Emirates2.1 kt (2%)China1.3 kt (1%)Saudi Arabia1.0 kt (<1%)Estonia0.8 kt (<1%)Germany0.6 kt (<1%)United States0.6 kt (<1%)Other suppliers0.3 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply102 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Finland
- Belgium
- United Arab Emirates
- China
- Saudi Arabia
- Estonia
- Germany
- Other (4)
- Norway46 kt (est. 45%)
- Saudi Arabia19 kt (est. 19%)
- United Kingdom15 kt (est. 15%)
- United States7.8 kt (est. 8%)
- Algeria2.4 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana1.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Denmark1.3 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins1.8 kt (est. 2%)
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data2.1 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.8 kt (2%)
- China: no crude data1.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.8 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Road diesel supplied (Nov 2024)
1.3 thousand tonnes
1% of Latvia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- China: no crude data1.3 kt (100%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 57,560 | 56.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 33,780 | 33.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Latvia: road diesel supply | 3,822 | 3.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Arab Emirates | Latvia: road diesel supply | 2,058 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Latvia: road diesel supply | 1,273 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 967 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 838 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Latvia: road diesel supply | 577 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 577 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Latvia: road diesel supply | 291 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Lithuania | 24,580 | 42.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 20,623 | 61.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 19,135 | 33.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 8,570 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 5,808 | 17.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland | 4,345 | 12.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Lithuania | 2,770 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 2,340 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Arab Emirates: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 2,058 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Guyana | Finland | 1,695 | 5.0% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,611 | 42.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Finland | 1,308 | 3.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| China: no crude data | China | 1,273 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 967 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 838 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Norway | Belgium | 793 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 587 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United States | 577 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 429 | 11.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 373 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 286 | 200.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 229 | 39.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 166 | 0.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Germany | 121 | 21.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 98 | 16.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 53 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 31 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Belgium | 28 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 26 | 4.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Germany | 11 | 1.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 4 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 4 | 79.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Germany | 2 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other suppliers | 1 | 10.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 0 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2024-09 to 2024-11. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 0 | 1.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-11 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-11 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-11, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2024-11 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-09 to 2024-11.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United Arab Emirates: no crude data (2,058 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1,830 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- China: no crude data (1,273 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (838 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (461 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (221 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.