Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Latvia's petrol supply was 18 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (82%), Estonia (9%) and Finland (8%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (37%), Saudi Arabia (28%) and the United States (16%), and 11% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway6.6 kt (est. 37%)Saudi Arabia4.8 kt (est. 28%)United States2.8 kt (est. 16%)United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 6%)Denmark0.1 kt (est. <1%)Senegal0.1 kt (est. <1%)Canada0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Estonia: no refinery1.6 kt (9%)Lithuania: crude not from imports0.3 kt (2%)Lithuania14 kt (82%)Estonia1.6 kt (9%)Finland1.5 kt (8%)Swedenless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: petrol supply18 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway6.6 kt (est. 37%)
- Saudi Arabia4.8 kt (est. 28%)
- United States2.8 kt (est. 16%)
- United Kingdom1.1 kt (est. 6%)
- Denmark0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Senegal0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Canada0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Estonia: no refinery1.6 kt (9%)
- Lithuania: crude not from imports0.3 kt (2%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Petrol supplied (Jun 2026)
1.6 thousand tonnes
9% of Latvia's petrol supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Estonia: no refinery1.6 kt (100%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: petrol supply | 14,450 | 82.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: petrol supply | 1,643 | 9.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: petrol supply | 1,481 | 8.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Lithuania | 5,555 | 38.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 4,838 | 33.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 2,616 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Estonia: no refinery | Estonia | 1,643 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 1,137 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's petrol to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 1,003 | 67.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Lithuania: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 304 | 2.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Finland | 194 | 13.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Finland | 146 | 9.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Senegal | Finland | 87 | 5.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Canada | Finland | 51 | 3.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's petrol to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Sweden | 2 | 47.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 1 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 1 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 1 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's petrol to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of petrol in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Estonia: no refinery (1,643 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Lithuania: crude not from imports (304 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.