Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2026, Latvia's road diesel supply was 155 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Finland (47%), Lithuania (36%) and Denmark (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (51%), Saudi Arabia (17%) and the United Kingdom (7%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway79 kt (est. 51%)Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 17%)United Kingdom11 kt (est. 7%)United States8.1 kt (est. 5%)Denmark6.7 kt (est. 4%)Senegal3.8 kt (est. 2%)Algeria2.1 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins1.7 kt (est. 1%)United States: no crude data6.8 kt (4%)Cyprus: no refinery3.5 kt (2%)Denmark: crude not from imports2.6 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data1.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Finland73 kt (47%)Lithuania55 kt (36%)Denmark9.1 kt (6%)United States6.8 kt (4%)Cyprus3.5 kt (2%)Netherlands3.4 kt (2%)Sweden2.6 kt (2%)Qatar0.8 kt (<1%)Estonia0.5 kt (<1%)Other suppliers0.4 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply155 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Finland
- Lithuania
- Denmark
- United States
- Cyprus
- Netherlands
- Sweden
- Qatar
- Other (5)
- Norway79 kt (est. 51%)
- Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 17%)
- United Kingdom11 kt (est. 7%)
- United States8.1 kt (est. 5%)
- Denmark6.7 kt (est. 4%)
- Senegal3.8 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria2.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins1.7 kt (est. 1%)
- United States: no crude data6.8 kt (4%)
- Cyprus: no refinery3.5 kt (2%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports2.6 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Road diesel supplied (Feb 2026)
3.4 thousand tonnes
2% of Latvia's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Other crude origins1.2 kt (est. 36%)
- United States0.9 kt (est. 25%)
- Norway0.7 kt (est. 21%)
and 5 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 73,027 | 47.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 55,201 | 35.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Latvia: road diesel supply | 9,078 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 6,785 | 4.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Cyprus | Latvia: road diesel supply | 3,487 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia: road diesel supply | 3,362 | 2.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Latvia: road diesel supply | 2,567 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Latvia: road diesel supply | 774 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 476 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Latvia: road diesel supply | 445 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 57,938 | 79.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 26,925 | 48.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 15,292 | 27.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 10,659 | 19.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 6,785 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark | Finland | 6,646 | 9.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland | 4,644 | 6.4% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Senegal | Finland | 3,798 | 5.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,776 | 41.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Cyprus: no refinery | Cyprus | 3,487 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 2,609 | 28.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 2,068 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 2,044 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 1,437 | 56.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,203 | 35.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 852 | 25.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Qatar | 774 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 722 | 21.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 572 | 22.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Denmark | 487 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 476 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 321 | 200.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Sweden | 292 | 11.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 268 | 8.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 267 | 10.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 257 | 0.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 244 | 7.3% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 162 | 1.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 102 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 50 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark | Netherlands | 22 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 19 | 85.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 2 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other suppliers | 2 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-12 to 2026-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 0 | 0.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-12 to 2026-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (6,785 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Cyprus: no refinery (3,487 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (2,609 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1,095 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (549 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (476 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (346 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.