Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Latvia's road diesel supply was 77 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (74%), Finland (16%) and China (5%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (38%), Saudi Arabia (30%) and the United States (10%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway29 kt (est. 38%)Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 30%)United States7.5 kt (est. 10%)United Kingdom6.6 kt (est. 9%)Algeria2.4 kt (est. 3%)Russia0.3 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Croatialess than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)China: no crude data4.2 kt (5%)United States: no crude data2.7 kt (4%)Smaller flows: no crude data0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania57 kt (74%)Finland12 kt (16%)China4.2 kt (5%)United States2.7 kt (4%)Hungary0.4 kt (<1%)India0.3 kt (<1%)Russia0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply77 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway29 kt (est. 38%)
- Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 30%)
- United States7.5 kt (est. 10%)
- United Kingdom6.6 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria2.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Russia0.3 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Croatialess than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- China: no crude data4.2 kt (5%)
- United States: no crude data2.7 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Feb 2024)
29.4 thousand tonnes
est. 38% of Latvia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported29 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Lithuania19 kt (est. 66%)
- Finland9.9 kt (est. 34%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 57,097 | 74.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 12,268 | 15.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| China | Latvia: road diesel supply | 4,241 | 5.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 2,732 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Latvia: road diesel supply | 358 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia: road diesel supply | 306 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Russia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 133 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 23,461 | 41.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 19,449 | 34.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 9,939 | 81.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 7,075 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 4,729 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| China: no crude data | China | 4,241 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 2,732 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 2,384 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,878 | 15.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 451 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | India | 306 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Hungary | 269 | 75.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Russia | 133 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 61 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 18 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Croatia | Hungary | 10 | 2.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- China: no crude data (4,241 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (2,732 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (439 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (61 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.