Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2023, Latvia's road diesel supply was 93 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (77%) and Finland (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (30%), Norway (29%) and the United States (27%), and 5% cannot be traced.
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Finland
- United States
- Estonia
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 71,891 | 76.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 17,838 | 19.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 3,734 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 27,772 | 38.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 22,556 | 31.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 13,994 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 12,964 | 72.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 7,568 | 10.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 3,734 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Finland | 2,685 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,584 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-05 to 2023-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Finland | 604 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 5 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2023-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-05 to 2023-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (3,734 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (604 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (5 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.