Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2023, Latvia's road diesel supply was 87 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (71%) and Finland (27%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (49%), Saudi Arabia (23%) and the United States (16%), and 2% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway42 kt (est. 49%)Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 23%)United States14 kt (est. 16%)United Kingdom8.9 kt (est. 10%)Brazil0.7 kt (est. <1%)Russia0.2 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Russia: no crude data1.0 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data0.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania62 kt (71%)Finland23 kt (27%)Russia1.0 kt (1%)United States0.3 kt (<1%)Hungary0.2 kt (<1%)Germanyless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply87 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway42 kt (est. 49%)
- Saudi Arabia20 kt (est. 23%)
- United States14 kt (est. 16%)
- United Kingdom8.9 kt (est. 10%)
- Brazil0.7 kt (est. <1%)
- Russia0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Russia: no crude data1.0 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data0.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 62,010 | 71.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 23,309 | 26.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 985 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 304 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Latvia: road diesel supply | 201 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Lithuania | 21,664 | 34.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 20,678 | 88.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 19,644 | 31.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 12,705 | 20.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 7,973 | 12.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia: no crude data | Russia | 985 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 945 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 926 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Finland | 702 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United States | 304 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Russia | Hungary | 155 | 77.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Finland | 58 | 0.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 25 | 12.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 16 | 33.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 13 | 6.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 11 | 23.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 9 | 19.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 8 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 5 | 10.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 3 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 2 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 1 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 0 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2023-10 to 2023-12. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2023-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2023-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2023-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2023-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-10 to 2023-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Russia: no crude data (985 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (304 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (108 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (3 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.