Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2024, Latvia's road diesel supply was 92 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (53%), Finland (30%) and Belgium (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (45%), Saudi Arabia (18%) and the United States (14%), and 4% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway42 kt (est. 45%)Saudi Arabia16 kt (est. 18%)United States13 kt (est. 14%)United Kingdom8.6 kt (est. 9%)Algeria1.9 kt (est. 2%)Nigeria1.5 kt (est. 2%)Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins3.7 kt (est. 4%)Smaller flows: no crude data1.7 kt (2%)United States: no crude data1.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refineryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania49 kt (53%)Finland27 kt (30%)Belgium9.9 kt (11%)Netherlands3.1 kt (3%)United States1.1 kt (1%)India0.9 kt (<1%)China0.8 kt (<1%)Hungary0.3 kt (<1%)Estonialess than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply92 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Lithuania
- Finland
- Belgium
- Netherlands
- United States
- India
- China
- Hungary
- Other (1)
- Norway42 kt (est. 45%)
- Saudi Arabia16 kt (est. 18%)
- United States13 kt (est. 14%)
- United Kingdom8.6 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria1.9 kt (est. 2%)
- Nigeria1.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Kazakhstan1.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins3.7 kt (est. 4%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data1.7 kt (2%)
- United States: no crude data1.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refineryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 48,737 | 53.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 27,233 | 29.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Latvia: road diesel supply | 9,858 | 10.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Latvia: road diesel supply | 3,058 | 3.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 1,100 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia: road diesel supply | 908 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Latvia: road diesel supply | 775 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Latvia: road diesel supply | 303 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 24,147 | 88.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 16,248 | 33.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 15,815 | 32.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 9,229 | 18.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 5,577 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 2,847 | 28.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 2,054 | 7.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 1,990 | 20.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 1,868 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Belgium | 1,425 | 14.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Belgium | 1,123 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 1,100 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Finland | 1,032 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 961 | 9.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | India | 908 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Netherlands | 868 | 28.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | China | 775 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 696 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 683 | 6.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 636 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 373 | 12.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 371 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 290 | 9.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 220 | 72.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 183 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 122 | 4.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Belgium | 120 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 95 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Netherlands | 86 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 57 | 18.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Netherlands | 36 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 25 | 8.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Latvia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 25 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Algeria | Belgium | 12 | 0.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2023-11 to 2024-01. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-11 to 2024-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1,683 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- United States: no crude data (1,100 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (865 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (143 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (25 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.