Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In December 2024, Latvia's road diesel supply was 164 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Finland (55%), Lithuania (29%) and Denmark (12%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (54%), Saudi Arabia (13%) and the United States (9%), and 8% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway89 kt (est. 54%)Saudi Arabia22 kt (est. 13%)United States15 kt (est. 9%)United Kingdom14 kt (est. 9%)Algeria8.6 kt (est. 5%)Libya0.9 kt (est. <1%)Kazakhstan0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)Denmark: crude not from imports7.9 kt (5%)United States: no crude data4.3 kt (3%)Smaller flows: no crude data0.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Finland89 kt (55%)Lithuania48 kt (29%)Denmark20 kt (12%)United States4.3 kt (3%)Germany0.9 kt (<1%)China0.9 kt (<1%)Estonia0.4 kt (<1%)Netherlandsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)United Arab Emiratesless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply164 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Finland
- Lithuania
- Denmark
- United States
- Germany
- China
- Estonia
- Netherlands
- Other (1)
- Norway89 kt (est. 54%)
- Saudi Arabia22 kt (est. 13%)
- United States15 kt (est. 9%)
- United Kingdom14 kt (est. 9%)
- Algeria8.6 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya0.9 kt (est. <1%)
- Kazakhstan0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.2 kt (est. <1%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports7.9 kt (5%)
- United States: no crude data4.3 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data0.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 89,336 | 54.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 48,045 | 29.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Latvia: road diesel supply | 19,865 | 12.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 4,293 | 2.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Latvia: road diesel supply | 891 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| China | Latvia: road diesel supply | 877 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 374 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Finland | 73,621 | 82.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 22,089 | 46.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 12,700 | 26.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 11,812 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 8,605 | 43.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 8,589 | 17.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 7,882 | 39.7% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 4,293 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Finland | 3,903 | 4.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 2,518 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 2,390 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 2,277 | 4.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | China | 877 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Denmark | 860 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 374 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 177 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 169 | 19.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 145 | 16.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 119 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 84 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 80 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 69 | 7.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 23 | 2.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Algeria | Germany | 20 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 5 | 0.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 4 | 29.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 4 | 26.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Arab Emirates | 3 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 2 | 15.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 1 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1 | 6.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 0 | 3.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Netherlands | 0 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Latvia split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2024-10 to 2024-12. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2024-12 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-12 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-12, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-12 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-10 to 2024-12.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Denmark: crude not from imports (7,882 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- United States: no crude data (4,293 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (880 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (374 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (70 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (23 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.