Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2025, Latvia's road diesel supply was 82 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (84%) and the United States (9%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Saudi Arabia (43%), Norway (18%) and the United Kingdom (15%), and 18% cannot be traced.
Country
Saudi Arabia35 kt (est. 43%)Norway15 kt (est. 18%)United Kingdom12 kt (est. 15%)United States2.9 kt (est. 4%)Algeria2.6 kt (est. 3%)Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Libyaless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)United States: no crude data7.6 kt (9%)India: no crude data2.3 kt (3%)Lithuania: crude not from imports2.0 kt (2%)Cyprus: no refinery1.4 kt (2%)Estonia: no refinery1.1 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania69 kt (84%)United States7.6 kt (9%)India2.3 kt (3%)Cyprus1.4 kt (2%)Estonia1.1 kt (1%)Germany0.2 kt (<1%)Belarus0.1 kt (<1%)Poland0.1 kt (<1%)Russia0.1 kt (<1%)Other suppliers0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply82 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Saudi Arabia35 kt (est. 43%)
- Norway15 kt (est. 18%)
- United Kingdom12 kt (est. 15%)
- United States2.9 kt (est. 4%)
- Algeria2.6 kt (est. 3%)
- Kazakhstanless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Libyaless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- United States: no crude data7.6 kt (9%)
- India: no crude data2.3 kt (3%)
- Lithuania: crude not from imports2.0 kt (2%)
- Cyprus: no refinery1.4 kt (2%)
- Estonia: no refinery1.1 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 69,093 | 84.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 7,582 | 9.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia: road diesel supply | 2,278 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Cyprus | Latvia: road diesel supply | 1,387 | 1.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 1,051 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Latvia: road diesel supply | 233 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belarus | Latvia: road diesel supply | 118 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Latvia: road diesel supply | 114 | 0.1% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Poland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 89 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Russia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 86 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 34,850 | 50.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 14,894 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 11,944 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 7,582 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Lithuania | 2,897 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 2,557 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| India: no crude data | India | 2,278 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Lithuania: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 1,951 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Cyprus: no refinery | Cyprus | 1,387 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Estonia: no refinery | Estonia | 1,051 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Belarus | 118 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Russia | 86 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 65 | 189.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 45 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 39 | 16.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Poland | 38 | 42.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Latvia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 35 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland | 30 | 33.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Latvia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 27 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 25 | 10.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 25 | 10.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 24 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 20 | 43.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 12 | 28.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 9 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 8 | 3.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Poland | 5 | 6.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Poland | 5 | 6.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other suppliers | 5 | 11.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 4 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Poland | 3 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Latvia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 3 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Poland | 3 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Latvia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Germany | 3 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Latvia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Poland | 3 | 3.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Latvia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland | 2 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Latvia split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2025-02 to 2025-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-02 to 2025-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (7,582 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- India: no crude data (2,278 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Lithuania: crude not from imports (1,951 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Cyprus: no refinery (1,387 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Estonia: no refinery (1,051 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (204 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (30 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (25 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.