Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2025, Latvia's road diesel supply was 114 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (62%), Finland (25%) and the United States (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (36%), Saudi Arabia (24%) and the United Kingdom (13%), and 14% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway41 kt (est. 36%)Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 24%)United Kingdom14 kt (est. 13%)Algeria11 kt (est. 10%)Denmark1.7 kt (est. 2%)Guyana1.4 kt (est. 1%)United States1.2 kt (est. 1%)Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)United States: no crude data7.3 kt (6%)Cyprus: no refinery4.0 kt (4%)India: no crude data3.4 kt (3%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania70 kt (62%)Finland28 kt (25%)United States7.3 kt (6%)Cyprus4.0 kt (4%)India3.4 kt (3%)Estonia0.5 kt (<1%)Bulgaria0.1 kt (<1%)Greeceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Canadaless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply114 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway41 kt (est. 36%)
- Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 24%)
- United Kingdom14 kt (est. 13%)
- Algeria11 kt (est. 10%)
- Denmark1.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana1.4 kt (est. 1%)
- United States1.2 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude originsless than 0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- United States: no crude data7.3 kt (6%)
- Cyprus: no refinery4.0 kt (4%)
- India: no crude data3.4 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 70,291 | 61.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 28,148 | 24.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 7,266 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Cyprus | Latvia: road diesel supply | 4,041 | 3.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| India | Latvia: road diesel supply | 3,383 | 3.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 524 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 26,956 | 38.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 21,706 | 77.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Lithuania | 19,714 | 28.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 12,094 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 11,303 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 7,266 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Cyprus: no refinery | Cyprus | 4,041 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| India: no crude data | India | 3,383 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 2,152 | 7.6% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Finland | 1,713 | 6.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Guyana | Finland | 1,386 | 4.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland | 1,192 | 4.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Estonia | 524 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 225 | 0.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 51 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 20 | 84.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Latvia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 2 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Latvia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 1 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Latvia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-08 to 2025-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Canada | 1 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 1 | 2.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2025-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2025-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-08 to 2025-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (7,266 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Cyprus: no refinery (4,041 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- India: no crude data (3,383 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (524 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (225 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (52 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (1 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.