Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In January 2026, Latvia's road diesel supply was 92 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (48%), Finland (28%) and Denmark (11%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (37%), Saudi Arabia (26%) and the United Kingdom (12%), and 13% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway34 kt (est. 37%)Saudi Arabia24 kt (est. 26%)United Kingdom11 kt (est. 12%)United States5.0 kt (est. 5%)Denmark1.7 kt (est. 2%)Algeria1.6 kt (est. 2%)Senegal1.5 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins1.1 kt (est. 1%)Qatar: no crude data3.2 kt (3%)Denmark: crude not from imports2.9 kt (3%)Kuwait: no crude data2.6 kt (3%)Cyprus: no refinery1.9 kt (2%)United States: no crude data1.5 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania44 kt (48%)Finland26 kt (28%)Denmark10.0 kt (11%)Qatar3.2 kt (3%)Kuwait2.6 kt (3%)Belgium2.3 kt (3%)Cyprus1.9 kt (2%)United States1.5 kt (2%)Sweden1.0 kt (1%)Other suppliers0.3 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply92 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway34 kt (est. 37%)
- Saudi Arabia24 kt (est. 26%)
- United Kingdom11 kt (est. 12%)
- United States5.0 kt (est. 5%)
- Denmark1.7 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria1.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Senegal1.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins1.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Qatar: no crude data3.2 kt (3%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports2.9 kt (3%)
- Kuwait: no crude data2.6 kt (3%)
- Cyprus: no refinery1.9 kt (2%)
- United States: no crude data1.5 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 43,983 | 47.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 25,670 | 27.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Latvia: road diesel supply | 9,998 | 10.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Qatar | Latvia: road diesel supply | 3,225 | 3.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Latvia: road diesel supply | 2,592 | 2.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Belgium | Latvia: road diesel supply | 2,346 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Cyprus | Latvia: road diesel supply | 1,857 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 1,487 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Latvia: road diesel supply | 983 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Latvia: road diesel supply | 271 | 0.3% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 23,604 | 53.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 20,620 | 80.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 10,015 | 22.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 8,754 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 3,741 | 37.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 3,315 | 33.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Latvia split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Qatar: no crude data | Qatar | 3,225 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 2,936 | 29.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 2,592 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Cyprus: no refinery | Cyprus | 1,857 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Denmark | Finland | 1,676 | 6.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 1,609 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 1,487 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Senegal | Finland | 1,421 | 5.5% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 1,031 | 43.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Finland | 1,009 | 3.9% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United States | Finland | 944 | 3.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Belgium | 700 | 29.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Sweden | 597 | 60.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 487 | 20.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 253 | 25.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Other suppliers | 222 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 109 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 69 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Senegal | Belgium | 39 | 1.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 25 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Other suppliers | 24 | 97.6% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Denmark | Belgium | 20 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Latvia split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 17 | 84.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 4 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 2 | 7.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other suppliers | 1 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 1 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Latvia split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2025-11 to 2026-01. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-01 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceLowMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · low
Provenance
Inferred · lowLow- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-01 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · low
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-01, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-01 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-11 to 2026-01.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Qatar: no crude data (3,225 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (2,936 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Kuwait: no crude data (2,592 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Cyprus: no refinery (1,857 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- United States: no crude data (1,487 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (222 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (29 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (4 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.