Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2026, Latvia's road diesel supply was 104 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Lithuania (54%), Finland (26%) and the United States (19%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (38%) and Saudi Arabia (26%), and 22% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway40 kt (est. 38%)Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 26%)Denmark4.5 kt (est. 4%)United States4.2 kt (est. 4%)United Kingdom2.5 kt (est. 2%)Algeria2.1 kt (est. 2%)Guyana1.1 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)United States: no crude data19 kt (19%)Lithuania: crude not from imports1.7 kt (2%)Estonia: no refinery1.3 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no refinery0.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Lithuania56 kt (54%)Finland27 kt (26%)United States19 kt (19%)Estonia1.3 kt (1%)Sweden0.5 kt (<1%)Cyprus0.2 kt (<1%)Romania0.1 kt (<1%)Norwayless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Greeceless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Chinaless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Latvia: road diesel supply104 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Norway40 kt (est. 38%)
- Saudi Arabia27 kt (est. 26%)
- Denmark4.5 kt (est. 4%)
- United States4.2 kt (est. 4%)
- United Kingdom2.5 kt (est. 2%)
- Algeria2.1 kt (est. 2%)
- Guyana1.1 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins0.1 kt (est. <1%)
- United States: no crude data19 kt (19%)
- Lithuania: crude not from imports1.7 kt (2%)
- Estonia: no refinery1.3 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery0.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude dataless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from importsless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Lithuania | Latvia: road diesel supply | 56,009 | 53.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Finland | Latvia: road diesel supply | 26,598 | 25.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| United States | Latvia: road diesel supply | 19,303 | 18.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Estonia | Latvia: road diesel supply | 1,267 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Latvia: road diesel supply | 491 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Cyprus | Latvia: road diesel supply | 205 | 0.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 27,204 | 48.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 20,285 | 36.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 19,303 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Finland | 19,229 | 72.3% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Denmark | Finland | 4,461 | 16.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 2,399 | 4.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 2,283 | 4.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Algeria | Lithuania | 2,096 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Latvia split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 1,814 | 6.8% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Lithuania: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 1,743 | 3.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Estonia: no refinery | Estonia | 1,267 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Guyana | Finland | 1,094 | 4.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Latvia split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway | Sweden | 263 | 53.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Cyprus | 205 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| United States | Sweden | 134 | 27.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 55 | 11.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Romania | 27 | 53.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Latvia split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Norway | 26 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 24 | 5.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Romania | 17 | 34.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 14 | 2.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Latvia split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 13 | 72.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Latvia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Romania | 6 | 12.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Latvia split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | China | 5 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 2 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Latvia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 2 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Latvia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Greece | 1 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Latvia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2026-02 to 2026-04. Confidence: medium. |
4 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Latvia’s supply of road diesel in 2026-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-02 to 2026-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (19,303 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Lithuania: crude not from imports (1,743 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Estonia: no refinery (1,267 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (205 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (31 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (17 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.