Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In April 2024, Slovenia's road diesel supply was 219 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (61%), Türkiye (31%) and Greece (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (13%), Kazakhstan (12%) and Azerbaijan (10%), and 36% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya29 kt (est. 13%)Kazakhstan26 kt (est. 12%)Azerbaijan22 kt (est. 10%)Iraq14 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia12 kt (est. 5%)United States11 kt (est. 5%)Nigeria7.0 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins20 kt (est. 9%)Türkiye: no crude data67 kt (31%)Italy: crude not from imports9.9 kt (5%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)Italy133 kt (61%)Türkiye67 kt (31%)Greece16 kt (7%)Hungary3.0 kt (1%)Slovenia: road diesel supply219 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Libya29 kt (est. 13%)
- Kazakhstan26 kt (est. 12%)
- Azerbaijan22 kt (est. 10%)
- Iraq14 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia12 kt (est. 5%)
- United States11 kt (est. 5%)
- Nigeria7.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins20 kt (est. 9%)
- Türkiye: no crude data67 kt (31%)
- Italy: crude not from imports9.9 kt (5%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.5 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.5 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Apr 2024)
21.7 thousand tonnes
est. 10% of Slovenia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported22 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Italy21 kt (est. 98%)
- Greece0.3 kt (est. 2%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 133,000 | 60.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 67,000 | 30.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 16,000 | 7.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 1.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 67,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Italy | 25,869 | 19.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 21,587 | 16.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 21,395 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 16,154 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 10,914 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 9,942 | 7.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 9,859 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 9,129 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 6,980 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 4,973 | 31.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 3,840 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 2,976 | 18.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 2,272 | 75.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 2,125 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 1,397 | 8.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 1,170 | 0.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 453 | 15.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 345 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 343 | 2.1% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 275 | 9.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-02 to 2024-04. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-04 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-04 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-04, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-04 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-02 to 2024-04.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Türkiye: no crude data (67,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Italy: crude not from imports (9,942 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,513 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (453 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.