Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In July 2025, Slovenia's road diesel supply was 210 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Greece (36%), Italy (32%) and Türkiye (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (15%), Iraq (14%) and Libya (12%), and 35% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan31 kt (est. 15%)Iraq29 kt (est. 14%)Libya26 kt (est. 12%)Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia9.8 kt (est. 5%)Norway7.0 kt (est. 3%)Egypt4.6 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins17 kt (est. 8%)Türkiye: no crude data35 kt (17%)Egypt: no crude data31 kt (15%)Italy: crude not from imports7.1 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)Greece75 kt (36%)Italy67 kt (32%)Türkiye35 kt (17%)Egypt31 kt (15%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)Slovenia: road diesel supply210 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan31 kt (est. 15%)
- Iraq29 kt (est. 14%)
- Libya26 kt (est. 12%)
- Azerbaijan12 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia9.8 kt (est. 5%)
- Norway7.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Egypt4.6 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins17 kt (est. 8%)
- Türkiye: no crude data35 kt (17%)
- Egypt: no crude data31 kt (15%)
- Italy: crude not from imports7.1 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.2 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jul 2025)
11.7 thousand tonnes
est. 6% of Slovenia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported12 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Italy12 kt (est. 100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Greece | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 75,000 | 35.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 67,000 | 31.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 35,000 | 16.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Egypt | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 31,000 | 14.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 35,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Egypt: no crude data | Egypt | 31,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 25,162 | 33.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 21,093 | 28.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 15,529 | 23.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 13,650 | 20.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 12,406 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 11,703 | 17.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 9,907 | 14.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 7,064 | 10.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Greece | 6,803 | 9.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 5,708 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 4,178 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 4,090 | 6.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Greece | 3,828 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,657 | 82.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Egypt | Italy | 722 | 1.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 179 | 9.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 163 | 8.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 157 | 0.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-05 to 2025-07. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-07 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-07 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-07, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-07 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-05 to 2025-07.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Türkiye: no crude data (35,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Egypt: no crude data (31,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Italy: crude not from imports (7,064 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (179 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.