Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In May 2024, Slovenia's road diesel supply was 259 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (99%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (21%), Azerbaijan (15%) and Kazakhstan (14%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya56 kt (est. 21%)Azerbaijan39 kt (est. 15%)Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 14%)Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 9%)Iraq22 kt (est. 8%)United States18 kt (est. 7%)Nigeria12 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins28 kt (est. 11%)Italy: crude not from imports24 kt (9%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Italy257 kt (99%)Hungary2.0 kt (<1%)Slovenia: road diesel supply259 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Libya56 kt (est. 21%)
- Azerbaijan39 kt (est. 15%)
- Kazakhstan36 kt (est. 14%)
- Saudi Arabia23 kt (est. 9%)
- Iraq22 kt (est. 8%)
- United States18 kt (est. 7%)
- Nigeria12 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins28 kt (est. 11%)
- Italy: crude not from imports24 kt (9%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (May 2024)
27.7 thousand tonnes
est. 11% of Slovenia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported28 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Italy26 kt (est. 95%)
- Hungary1.4 kt (est. 5%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 257,000 | 99.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 2,000 | 0.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | Italy | 55,567 | 21.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 38,777 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 35,956 | 14.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 26,287 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 23,530 | 9.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 22,934 | 8.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 21,906 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 18,214 | 7.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 11,540 | 4.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 2,290 | 0.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 1,395 | 69.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 307 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 298 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-03 to 2024-05. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-05 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-05 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-05, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-05 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-03 to 2024-05.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Italy: crude not from imports (23,530 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,290 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (307 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.