Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2025, Slovenia's road diesel supply was 205 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (33%), Israel (18%) and Türkiye (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (10%), Libya (9%) and Iraq (7%), and 52% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 10%)Libya18 kt (est. 9%)Iraq15 kt (est. 7%)Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia6.8 kt (est. 3%)Russia4.5 kt (est. 2%)United States4.0 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins16 kt (est. 8%)Israel: no crude data37 kt (18%)Türkiye: no crude data35 kt (17%)Malta: no refinery25 kt (12%)Italy: crude not from imports8.4 kt (4%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)Italy67 kt (33%)Israel37 kt (18%)Türkiye35 kt (17%)Greece34 kt (17%)Malta25 kt (12%)Hungary6.0 kt (3%)Germany1.0 kt (<1%)Slovenia: road diesel supply205 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan21 kt (est. 10%)
- Libya18 kt (est. 9%)
- Iraq15 kt (est. 7%)
- Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia6.8 kt (est. 3%)
- Russia4.5 kt (est. 2%)
- United States4.0 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins16 kt (est. 8%)
- Israel: no crude data37 kt (18%)
- Türkiye: no crude data35 kt (17%)
- Malta: no refinery25 kt (12%)
- Italy: crude not from imports8.4 kt (4%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.1 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2025)
18.2 thousand tonnes
est. 9% of Slovenia's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported18 kt estimated
Inferred · medium
Last shipped from
- Italy13 kt (est. 73%)
- Greece4.8 kt (est. 26%)
- Germany0.2 kt (est. <1%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 67,000 | 32.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 37,000 | 18.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 35,000 | 17.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 34,000 | 16.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Malta | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 25,000 | 12.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 6,000 | 2.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Germany | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 37,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 35,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Malta: no refinery | Malta | 25,000 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Libya | Italy | 13,197 | 19.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 13,129 | 19.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 11,476 | 17.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Greece | 11,055 | 32.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 10,583 | 31.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 10,096 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 8,353 | 12.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Greece | 4,814 | 14.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 4,549 | 75.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 4,178 | 12.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 3,840 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 3,464 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 3,445 | 5.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 3,370 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 917 | 15.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 443 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 426 | 42.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovenia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 160 | 16.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovenia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 132 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovenia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 121 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovenia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 91 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Germany | 67 | 6.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Iraq | Germany | 62 | 6.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovenia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 25 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovenia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 7 | 0.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Slovenia split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2025-04 to 2025-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Countries without a crude refinery can appear under "Last shipped from": the importing country's statistics record where the fuel arrived from. It was refined elsewhere and either sold on or passed through that country's terminals; the statistics do not say which, or where it was refined.
Month: 2025-06 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-04 to 2025-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (37,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Türkiye: no crude data (35,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Malta: no refinery (25,000 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Italy: crude not from imports (8,353 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (917 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (67 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.