Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In October 2024, Slovenia's road diesel supply was 243 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Saudi Arabia (47%), Italy (38%) and Israel (14%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Azerbaijan (6%), Libya (5%) and Kazakhstan (5%), and 64% cannot be traced.
Country
Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 6%)Libya13 kt (est. 5%)Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 5%)Iraq8.7 kt (est. 4%)Nigeria7.9 kt (est. 3%)United States6.4 kt (est. 3%)Saudi Arabia5.3 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data114 kt (47%)Israel: no crude data33 kt (14%)Italy: crude not from imports8.0 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Saudi Arabia114 kt (47%)Italy93 kt (38%)Israel33 kt (14%)Hungary3.0 kt (1%)Slovenia: road diesel supply243 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Saudi Arabia
- Italy
- Israel
- Hungary
- Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 6%)
- Libya13 kt (est. 5%)
- Kazakhstan12 kt (est. 5%)
- Iraq8.7 kt (est. 4%)
- Nigeria7.9 kt (est. 3%)
- United States6.4 kt (est. 3%)
- Saudi Arabia5.3 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins18 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data114 kt (47%)
- Israel: no crude data33 kt (14%)
- Italy: crude not from imports8.0 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.9 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Oct 2024)
438 tonnes
<1% of Slovenia's road diesel supply
Unknown
Last shipped from
- Hungary0.4 kt (100%)
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 114,000 | 46.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Italy | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 93,000 | 38.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 33,000 | 13.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 3,000 | 1.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 114,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 33,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 15,981 | 17.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 14,457 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 12,924 | 13.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 12,353 | 13.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 8,726 | 9.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 8,040 | 8.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 7,879 | 8.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 6,414 | 6.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 5,331 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 2,503 | 83.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Italy | 894 | 1.0% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 438 | 14.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 59 | 2.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2024-08 to 2024-10. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-10 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-10 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-10, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-10 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2024-08 to 2024-10.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (114,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Israel: no crude data (33,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Italy: crude not from imports (8,040 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (894 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (438 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.