Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In February 2024, Slovenia's road diesel supply was 250 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (92%) and Israel (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (17%), Azerbaijan (14%) and Kazakhstan (11%), and 12% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya42 kt (est. 17%)Azerbaijan35 kt (est. 14%)Kazakhstan28 kt (est. 11%)United States26 kt (est. 10%)Iraq22 kt (est. 9%)Nigeria16 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia9.6 kt (est. 4%)Other crude origins40 kt (est. 16%)Israel: no crude data16 kt (6%)Italy: crude origin not reported7.8 kt (3%)Italy: crude not from imports6.5 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)Italy230 kt (92%)Israel16 kt (6%)Hungary4.0 kt (2%)Slovenia: road diesel supply250 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Libya42 kt (est. 17%)
- Azerbaijan35 kt (est. 14%)
- Kazakhstan28 kt (est. 11%)
- United States26 kt (est. 10%)
- Iraq22 kt (est. 9%)
- Nigeria16 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia9.6 kt (est. 4%)
- Other crude origins40 kt (est. 16%)
- Israel: no crude data16 kt (6%)
- Italy: crude origin not reported7.8 kt (3%)
- Italy: crude not from imports6.5 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 230,000 | 92.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Israel | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 16,000 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 4,000 | 1.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Libya | Italy | 41,642 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 37,099 | 16.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 35,395 | 15.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 27,593 | 12.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 26,154 | 11.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 22,273 | 9.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 16,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Italy | 15,993 | 7.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 9,598 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude origin not reported | Italy | 7,760 | 3.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 6,494 | 2.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 3,117 | 77.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 676 | 16.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 207 | 5.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2023-12 to 2024-02. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2024-02 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2024-02 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of road diesel in 2024-02, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2024-02 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2023-12 to 2024-02.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Israel: no crude data (16,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Italy: crude origin not reported (7,760 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Italy: crude not from imports (6,494 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (676 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.