Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In September 2025, Slovenia's road diesel supply was 195 kt, all of it imported, mainly from Italy (34%), Greece (29%) and Saudi Arabia (29%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Libya (13%), Iraq (11%) and Kazakhstan (10%), and 41% cannot be traced.
Country
Libya25 kt (est. 13%)Iraq22 kt (est. 11%)Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 10%)Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 6%)Saudi Arabia9.8 kt (est. 5%)United States6.0 kt (est. 3%)Norway4.9 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins16 kt (est. 8%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data56 kt (29%)Türkiye: no crude data16 kt (8%)Italy: crude not from imports5.4 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)Italy66 kt (34%)Greece56 kt (29%)Saudi Arabia56 kt (29%)Türkiye16 kt (8%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Slovenia: road diesel supply195 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Italy
- Greece
- Saudi Arabia
- Türkiye
- Hungary
- Libya25 kt (est. 13%)
- Iraq22 kt (est. 11%)
- Kazakhstan20 kt (est. 10%)
- Azerbaijan13 kt (est. 6%)
- Saudi Arabia9.8 kt (est. 5%)
- United States6.0 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway4.9 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins16 kt (est. 8%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data56 kt (29%)
- Türkiye: no crude data16 kt (8%)
- Italy: crude not from imports5.4 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.3 kt (<1%)
Last shipped from
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Italy | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 66,000 | 33.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Greece | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 56,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Saudi Arabia | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 56,000 | 28.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 16,000 | 8.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Slovenia: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by partner country, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 56,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Iraq | Greece | 19,364 | 34.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 16,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Libya | Italy | 15,855 | 24.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 13,773 | 20.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Greece | 12,601 | 22.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 9,970 | 15.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Greece | 9,215 | 16.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 7,026 | 10.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 5,956 | 9.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Italy: crude not from imports | Italy | 5,399 | 8.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Saudi Arabia | Greece | 4,916 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Italy | 4,872 | 7.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Greece | 4,077 | 7.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Greece | 2,572 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Iraq | Italy | 2,350 | 3.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Greece | 1,752 | 3.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Greece's road diesel to Slovenia split by Greece's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Greece | 1,370 | 2.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Norway | Italy | 800 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Slovenia split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 715 | 71.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 149 | 14.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Slovenia split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2025-07 to 2025-09. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 136 | 13.6% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Greece | 132 | 0.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
Source & method
Source Period 2025-09 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2025-09 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the country’s own refineries and the countries the fuel was last shipped from, which may be a trading hub rather than where it was refined; the estimate treats each as the refiner. Right: Slovenia’s supply of road diesel in 2025-09, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2025-09 (requested). Crude mixes are pooled over 2025-07 to 2025-09.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (56,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Türkiye: no crude data (16,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Italy: crude not from imports (5,399 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,370 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (269 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.