Netherlands
Jet fuel, June 2026 — crude behind it: 37% cannot be traced · 18% United States · 12% Norway · 7% Kazakhstan. Up to 37% of that crude may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz.
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
Crude behind it (estimated)
Refined in
The Netherlands' jet fuel
Crude behind it (estimated)
- Colour = where it went:
- Netherlands (own refineries)
- United States
- Nigeria
- Belgium
- United Kingdom
- Italy
- Germany
- Malaysia
- Other (7)
- United States194 kt (est. 18%)
- Norway132 kt (est. 12%)
- Kazakhstan80 kt (est. 7%)
- Brazil57 kt (est. 5%)
- United Kingdom56 kt (est. 5%)
- Libya23 kt (est. 2%)
- Nigeria19 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins133 kt (est. 12%)
- United States: no crude data196 kt (18%)
- Nigeria: no crude data108 kt (10%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported59 kt (5%)
- United Kingdom: no crude data37 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data6.1 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports1.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refineryless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Refined in
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Assumptions
- 1
Netherlands: jet fuel available in June 2026
Everything refined in the country plus everything imported.
- 2
Where that fuel came from
The Netherlands' refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)
United States: crude origin not published.
Nigeria: crude origin not published.
- 3
The crude behind the Netherlands' jet fuel
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- Each country's refineries are assumed to run on its crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- The crude origin is the producing country the statistics report, not the loading terminal, so the Hormuz answer is a range wherever a producer loads both inside and outside the Persian Gulf.
In June 2026, most jet fuel available in the Netherlands was refined in the Netherlands (61%), followed by the United States (18%).
The Netherlands' refineries ran on crude from the United States (27%), Norway (17%) and Kazakhstan (10%), going by its crude imports in April–June 2026.
Taken together, an estimated 18% of the crude behind the Netherlands' jet fuel came from the United States, 12% from Norway and 7% from Kazakhstan; 37% cannot be traced.
The largest untraced part (18%) is there because we hold no crude import statistics for the United States.
Up to 37% of the crude behind the Netherlands' jet fuel is estimated to have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, a significant dependence judged on the upper bound. No midpoint is published: crude that cannot be traced is counted as anything from none to all of it.
This is an estimate, not a reported figure: it assumes exports are drawn proportionally from every source and that each country's refineries run on its crude-import mix, and it looks back only one country.
Hormuz and the pump price in the Netherlands
Calculated- At most 37% of the crude behind the Netherlands' jet fuel in June 2026 could have passed through Hormuz.
Is Hormuz really the reason? — the EU-wide picture →
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Strait of Hormuz: the upper end of the headline’s estimate for June 2026, the same figure as in the sentence above; no new figure is made here.
- The three figures are shown side by side, each on its own; no link between them is drawn here.
Go deeper for the Netherlands
- What does diesel cost at the pump in the Netherlands, and how much of it is tax?Pump price & tax →latest weekly price €2.45 per litre (petrol, week of 21 Sep 2026)
- Where has the Netherlands bought its oil since 2015?Imports since 2015 →
- How does fuel reach the Netherlands, flow by flow?Flow diagram, full page →
- How does the Netherlands compare with Belgium, Luxembourg and Germany?Compare with neighbours →
- Which refineries, ports and pipelines serve the Netherlands?Refineries & pipelines →
- Where does the Netherlands' crude come from, on a map?On the map →
- What does the United States supply to the EU?Supplier page: United States →
- What does Norway supply to the EU?Supplier page: Norway →
- What does Kazakhstan supply to the EU?Supplier page: Kazakhstan →
Crude origins
Calculated5 refineries.
In June 2026, 19 countries supplied crude imports; the largest three accounted for 52%.
Share of crude imports by origin, to June 2026
- United States
- Norway
- Kazakhstan
- Brazil
- United Kingdom
- Iraq
- Other origins
- Origin not published
- Not published, no estimate
Share of crude imports, June 2026 (published)
Since January 2023: Iraq −9.8 pt, United States +9.1 pt.
Share of crude imports, June 2026: all origins
| Country of origin | Share | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 27% | 1,024,780 |
| Norway | 15% | 567,447 |
| Kazakhstan | 9% | 352,510 |
| United Kingdom | 8% | 301,787 |
| Brazil | 7% | 249,652 |
| Libya | 4% | 134,924 |
| Other origins | 20% | |
| Origin not published | 10% |
All 5 refineries
- ExxonMobil Rotterdam Refinery (Botlek)
- Shell Energy and Chemicals Park Rotterdam (Pernis), 404,000 bpd
- VPR Energy (Vitol) Rozenburg refinery (Vitol Refining Group BV), 140,000 bpd
- Zeeland Refinery N.V. (TotalEnergies, operational control since February 2026), 180,000 bpd
- bp Raffinaderij Rotterdam B.V. (Europoort), 400,000 bpd
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- Refinery operators and national regulators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin curated refinery reference list
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Download
- Download CSV
Product origins
CalculatedJet fuel imports, June 2026: United States 46%, Nigeria 25%, Belgium 9%, United Kingdom 9%, Italy 6%, Germany 4%, other origins 2%.
Share of jet fuel imports by origin, to June 2026
- Kuwait
- Belgium
- China
- United States of America
- United Arab Emirates
- Germany
- Other origins
Share of jet fuel imports, June 2026 (published)
Share of jet fuel imports, June 2026 (published): all origins
| Country of origin | Share | Tonnes |
|---|---|---|
| United States | 46% | 195,841 |
| Nigeria | 25% | 108,083 |
| Belgium | 9% | 38,002 |
| United Kingdom | 9% | 36,857 |
| Italy | 6% | 25,942 |
| Germany | 4% | 17,026 |
| Other origins | 2% |
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Download
- Download CSV
Stocks & days of cover
Official94 days of emergency stock cover in June 2026.
Closing stocks: 13,401,772 tonnes, +2.6% against the 12-month average.
Closing stocks, to June 2026
- Closing stocks
- 12-month average
Days of cover, to June 2026
- Not published
Source & method
- Source
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Emergency oil stocks in days equivalent - monthly data
- Eurostat (European Commission) — Stock levels for oil products - monthly data
- Period
- June 2026
- Method
- How this figure is made
- Which method the member state used
- Stock calculation method: method 2
- Minimum obligation method: method 1
- Days calculation method: method 1
- Download
- Download CSV
Recent events
Official- 28 Feb 2026Strait of Hormuz shipping disruption (2026)Shipping disruption · Strait of Hormuz / Persian Gulf
- 5 Feb 2023EU import ban on Russian refined petroleum products (in force 5 February 2023)Import ban · European Union
- 5 Dec 2022EU import ban on seaborne Russian crude oil (in force 5 December 2022)Import ban · European Union
- 24 Feb 2022Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)War · Ukraine
Source & method
- Source
- International Energy Agency — Event timeline, cited per event
- US Energy Information Administration — Event timeline, cited per event
- European Commission — Event timeline, cited per event
- European Council — Event timeline, cited per event
- National legislators — Event timeline, cited per event
- Method
- How this figure is made