Fuel Origin

Events / War

Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)

Dates
2022-02-24 → no end date recorded
Dated to
the day
Status
Ongoing
Scope
Ukraine

What the sources said

European Council, special meeting of 24 February 2022, document EUCO 18/22: "European Council conclusions on Russia's unprovoked and unjustified military aggression against Ukraine"; "The European Council condemns in the strongest possible terms the Russian Federation's unprovoked and unjustified military aggression against Ukraine." The conclusions are dated and headed 24 February 2022, which is the date recorded here. This row is a timeline marker only; it makes no statement about prices.

IEA, EIA, European Commission, European Council and national legislators (cited per row)Official
Retrieved 2026-09-23 07:22 UTCRevision 1
Source documents (2)
CountryCountryGermanyFranceNetherlandsPolandFinlandEstoniaAustriaBelgiumBulgariaCroatiaCyprusCzechiaDenmarkGreeceHungaryIrelandItalyLatviaLithuaniaLuxembourgMaltaPortugalRomaniaSlovakiaSloveniaSpainSweden
FuelFuelDiesel (automotive gas oil)Petrol (Euro-super 95)Both fuels

Choosing a fuel keeps that fuel's series and the channels shared by every fuel - the crude benchmark, FX, crude imports and Hormuz exposure. It drops only the other fuel's series.

The event window

What each series was worth from -30 to 90 days around the event date, how far that is from the same series' level at the event date, and how big that move is against the series' own normal variation.

Spain, all fuels in this run. 18 series can be drawn; 11 cannot be seen at all and are shown as labelled empty panels below.

208 published readings, 26 offsets with nothing published within one period, and 143 offsets on series we cannot see at all. Every one of them is on this page.

Europe Brent spot FOB

Unit: $ per barrelPublished: dailyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+90126.785.52022-01-25: 89.49 $ per barrel, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 96.37 $ per barrel, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 95.28 $ per barrel, used for offsets −72022-02-21: 98.95 $ per barrel, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 99.29 $ per barrel, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 101.3 $ per barrel, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 98.56 $ per barrel, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 115.4 $ per barrel, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 114.5 $ per barrel, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 122.7 $ per barrel, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 99.27 $ per barrel, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 116.4 $ per barrel, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for Europe Brent spot FOB: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-2589.49-11.800-11.65%-2.69
−142022-02-1096.37-4.920-4.86%-1.12
−72022-02-1795.28-6.010-5.93%-1.37
−32022-02-2198.95-2.340-2.31%-0.53
−12022-02-2399.29-2.000-1.97%-0.46
T02022-02-24same print as T0101.30.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-2598.56-2.730-2.70%-0.62
+32022-02-2598.56-2.730-2.70%-0.62
+72022-03-03115.4+14.070+13.89%+3.20
+142022-03-10114.5+13.250+13.08%+3.02
+302022-03-25122.7+21.380+21.11%+4.87
+602022-04-2599.27-2.020-1.99%-0.46
+902022-05-25116.4+15.120+14.93%+3.44

One volatility unit for this series is 4.34%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (767 changes). It is not a significance test.

reported crude oil imports, all origins

Unit: tonnesPublished: monthlyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+906,133,2074,768,5522022-01-01: 5,179,004 tonnes, used for offsets −30same print as T0 — 2022-02-01, 4,900,615 tonnes, used for offsets −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-03-01: 5,089,471 tonnes, used for offsets +7, +14, +302022-04-01: 5,380,109 tonnes, used for offsets +602022-05-01: 6,001,144 tonnes, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for reported crude oil imports, all origins: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-015,179,004+278,389+5.68%+0.51
−142022-02-01same print as T04,900,6150.0000.00%0.00
−72022-02-01same print as T04,900,6150.0000.00%0.00
−32022-02-01same print as T04,900,6150.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-01same print as T04,900,6150.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-01same print as T04,900,6150.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-01same print as T04,900,6150.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-01same print as T04,900,6150.0000.00%0.00
+72022-03-015,089,471+188,856+3.85%+0.35
+142022-03-015,089,471+188,856+3.85%+0.35
+302022-03-015,089,471+188,856+3.85%+0.35
+602022-04-015,380,109+479,494+9.78%+0.88
+902022-05-016,001,144+1,100,529+22.46%+2.02

One volatility unit for this series is 11.09%, the standard deviation of its own month-on-month percentage changes over the three years before the event (35 changes). It is not a significance test.

ECB euro foreign exchange reference rate

Unit: US dollars per euroPublished: dailyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+901.1531.0562022-01-25: 1.127 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 1.144 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 1.137 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −72022-02-21: 1.134 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 1.134 US dollars per euro, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 1.116 US dollars per euro, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 1.122 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 1.108 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 1.108 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 1.100 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 1.075 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 1.066 US dollars per euro, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for ECB euro foreign exchange reference rate: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-251.127+0.011+0.94%+2.37
−142022-02-101.144+0.028+2.47%+6.23
−72022-02-171.137+0.021+1.85%+4.67
−32022-02-211.134+0.017+1.57%+3.95
−12022-02-231.134+0.018+1.62%+4.09
T02022-02-24same print as T01.1160.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-251.122+0.005+0.47%+1.20
+32022-02-251.122+0.005+0.47%+1.20
+72022-03-031.108-0.009-0.78%-1.96
+142022-03-101.108-0.008-0.71%-1.78
+302022-03-251.100-0.016-1.44%-3.64
+602022-04-251.075-0.042-3.74%-9.42
+902022-05-251.066-0.051-4.54%-11.45

One volatility unit for this series is 0.40%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (770 changes). It is not a significance test.

direct crude Hormuz exposure D1

Unit: % of imported tonnesPublished: monthlyUnknownUnknown
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+9018.963.412022-01-01: 5.941 to 11.99 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-02-01: 5.386 to 12.59 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-03-01: 6.728 to 12.93 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-04-01: 4.918 to 11.97 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-05-01: 11.97 to 17.46 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits. The shaded band is the admissible range. No midpoint is drawn, because no point estimate is published.

Window table for direct crude Hormuz exposure D1: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-015.941–11.99not publishednot publishednot published
−142022-02-015.386–12.59not publishednot publishednot published
−72022-02-015.386–12.59not publishednot publishednot published
−32022-02-015.386–12.59not publishednot publishednot published
−12022-02-015.386–12.59not publishednot publishednot published
T02022-02-015.386–12.59not publishednot publishednot published
+12022-02-015.386–12.59not publishednot publishednot published
+32022-02-015.386–12.59not publishednot publishednot published
+72022-03-016.728–12.93not publishednot publishednot published
+142022-03-016.728–12.93not publishednot publishednot published
+302022-03-016.728–12.93not publishednot publishednot published
+602022-04-014.918–11.97not publishednot publishednot published
+902022-05-0111.97–17.46not publishednot publishednot published

No normal volatility is published for this series, so no change is expressed in volatility units. That is a missing input, not a zero.

direct refined-product Hormuz exposure D2

Unit: % of imported tonnesPublished: monthlyUnknownUnknown
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+9021.890.002022-01-01: 0 to 8.117 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-02-01: 2.971 to 14.72 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-03-01: 0 to 11.30 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-04-01: 0 to 10.85 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.2022-05-01: 0 to 19.54 % of imported tonnes. No point estimate is published, so no midpoint is drawn.

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits. The shaded band is the admissible range. No midpoint is drawn, because no point estimate is published.

Window table for direct refined-product Hormuz exposure D2: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-010–8.117not publishednot publishednot published
−142022-02-012.971–14.72not publishednot publishednot published
−72022-02-012.971–14.72not publishednot publishednot published
−32022-02-012.971–14.72not publishednot publishednot published
−12022-02-012.971–14.72not publishednot publishednot published
T02022-02-012.971–14.72not publishednot publishednot published
+12022-02-012.971–14.72not publishednot publishednot published
+32022-02-012.971–14.72not publishednot publishednot published
+72022-03-010–11.30not publishednot publishednot published
+142022-03-010–11.30not publishednot publishednot published
+302022-03-010–11.30not publishednot publishednot published
+602022-04-010–10.85not publishednot publishednot published
+902022-05-010–19.54not publishednot publishednot published

No normal volatility is published for this series, so no change is expressed in volatility units. That is a missing input, not a zero.

inventory exposure D7: published days of emergency stock cover, carried through

Unit: days of coverPublished: monthlyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+90112.8104.22022-01-01: 110.0 days of cover, used for offsets −30same print as T0 — 2022-02-01, 112.0 days of cover, used for offsets −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-03-01: 109.0 days of cover, used for offsets +7, +14, +302022-04-01: 105.0 days of cover, used for offsets +602022-05-01: 110.0 days of cover, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for inventory exposure D7: published days of emergency stock cover, carried through: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-01110.0-2.000-1.79%-0.31
−142022-02-01same print as T0112.00.0000.00%0.00
−72022-02-01same print as T0112.00.0000.00%0.00
−32022-02-01same print as T0112.00.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-01same print as T0112.00.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-01same print as T0112.00.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-01same print as T0112.00.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-01same print as T0112.00.0000.00%0.00
+72022-03-01109.0-3.000-2.68%-0.46
+142022-03-01109.0-3.000-2.68%-0.46
+302022-03-01109.0-3.000-2.68%-0.46
+602022-04-01105.0-7.000-6.25%-1.08
+902022-05-01110.0-2.000-1.79%-0.31

One volatility unit for this series is 5.81%, the standard deviation of its own month-on-month percentage changes over the three years before the event (35 changes). It is not a significance test.

crude cost per litre: Brent in EUR/L averaged over the bulletin week (refinery yield not modelled)

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+900.7310.4812022-01-24: 0.5049 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.5307 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.5419 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.5541 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.6491 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.7014 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.7064 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.6165 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 0.6922 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for crude cost per litre: Brent in EUR/L averaged over the bulletin week (refinery yield not modelled): value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.5049-0.049-8.88%-1.15
−142022-02-070.5307-0.023-4.22%-0.55
−72022-02-140.5419-0.012-2.19%-0.29
−32022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.6491+0.095+17.15%+2.23
+142022-03-070.7014+0.147+26.58%+3.45
+302022-03-210.7064+0.152+27.49%+3.57
+602022-04-250.6165+0.062+11.26%+1.46
+902022-05-230.6922+0.138+24.93%+3.24

One volatility unit for this series is 7.69%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

crude cost per litre: Brent in EUR/L averaged over the bulletin week (refinery yield not modelled)

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+900.7310.4812022-01-24: 0.5049 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.5307 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.5419 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.5541 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.6491 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.7014 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.7064 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.6165 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 0.6922 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for crude cost per litre: Brent in EUR/L averaged over the bulletin week (refinery yield not modelled): value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.5049-0.049-8.88%-1.15
−142022-02-070.5307-0.023-4.22%-0.55
−72022-02-140.5419-0.012-2.19%-0.29
−32022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.55410.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.6491+0.095+17.15%+2.23
+142022-03-070.7014+0.147+26.58%+3.45
+302022-03-210.7064+0.152+27.49%+3.57
+602022-04-250.6165+0.062+11.26%+1.46
+902022-05-230.6922+0.138+24.93%+3.24

One volatility unit for this series is 7.69%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

national total oil stocks (Eurostat, commercial holders), with the published days of cover alongside

Unit: tonnesPublished: monthlyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+9015,152,83514,292,9882022-01-01: 14,794,471 tonnes, used for offsets −30same print as T0 — 2022-02-01, 15,069,624 tonnes, used for offsets −14, −7, −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-03-01: 14,551,468 tonnes, used for offsets +7, +14, +302022-04-01: 14,376,199 tonnes, used for offsets +602022-05-01: 14,887,270 tonnes, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for national total oil stocks (Eurostat, commercial holders), with the published days of cover alongside: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-0114,794,471-275,153-1.83%-0.48
−142022-02-01same print as T015,069,6240.0000.00%0.00
−72022-02-01same print as T015,069,6240.0000.00%0.00
−32022-02-01same print as T015,069,6240.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-01same print as T015,069,6240.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-01same print as T015,069,6240.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-01same print as T015,069,6240.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-01same print as T015,069,6240.0000.00%0.00
+72022-03-0114,551,468-518,156-3.44%-0.91
+142022-03-0114,551,468-518,156-3.44%-0.91
+302022-03-0114,551,468-518,156-3.44%-0.91
+602022-04-0114,376,199-693,425-4.60%-1.22
+902022-05-0114,887,270-182,354-1.21%-0.32

One volatility unit for this series is 3.77%, the standard deviation of its own month-on-month percentage changes over the three years before the event (35 changes). It is not a significance test.

Weekly Oil Bulletin price with taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+901.9231.3482022-01-24: 1.404 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 1.444 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 1.463 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 1.479 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 1.497 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 1.581 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 1.798 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 1.847 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 1.867 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for Weekly Oil Bulletin price with taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-241.404-0.076-5.11%-5.26
−142022-02-071.444-0.035-2.37%-2.44
−72022-02-141.463-0.017-1.13%-1.17
−32022-02-21same print as T01.4790.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T01.4790.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T01.4790.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T01.4790.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T01.4790.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-281.497+0.017+1.17%+1.20
+142022-03-071.581+0.102+6.86%+7.05
+302022-03-211.798+0.318+21.50%+22.09
+602022-04-251.847+0.368+24.87%+25.55
+902022-05-231.867+0.388+26.19%+26.91

One volatility unit for this series is 0.97%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

Weekly Oil Bulletin price with taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+901.9911.4702022-01-24: 1.520 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 1.559 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 1.575 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 1.592 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 1.609 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 1.680 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 1.813 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 1.817 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 1.940 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for Weekly Oil Bulletin price with taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-241.520-0.071-4.47%-4.97
−142022-02-071.559-0.033-2.06%-2.29
−72022-02-141.575-0.016-1.02%-1.13
−32022-02-21same print as T01.5920.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T01.5920.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T01.5920.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T01.5920.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T01.5920.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-281.609+0.017+1.08%+1.20
+142022-03-071.680+0.088+5.54%+6.16
+302022-03-211.813+0.222+13.93%+15.49
+602022-04-251.817+0.225+14.16%+15.74
+902022-05-231.940+0.349+21.91%+24.36

One volatility unit for this series is 0.90%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

Weekly Oil Bulletin price without taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+901.2100.7352022-01-24: 0.7812 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.8147 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.8298 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.8437 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.8580 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.9276 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 1.107 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 1.148 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 1.164 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for Weekly Oil Bulletin price without taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.7812-0.063-7.41%-4.59
−142022-02-070.8147-0.029-3.44%-2.13
−72022-02-140.8298-0.014-1.65%-1.02
−32022-02-21same print as T00.84370.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.84370.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.84370.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.84370.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.84370.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.8580+0.014+1.69%+1.05
+142022-03-070.9276+0.084+9.94%+6.16
+302022-03-211.107+0.263+31.16%+19.31
+602022-04-251.148+0.304+36.04%+22.34
+902022-05-231.164+0.320+37.96%+23.53

One volatility unit for this series is 1.61%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

Weekly Oil Bulletin price without taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+901.1730.7422022-01-24: 0.7839 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.8156 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.8293 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.8427 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.8569 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.9156 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 1.026 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 1.029 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 1.131 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for Weekly Oil Bulletin price without taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.7839-0.059-6.98%-4.20
−142022-02-070.8156-0.027-3.21%-1.94
−72022-02-140.8293-0.013-1.59%-0.96
−32022-02-21same print as T00.84270.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.84270.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.84270.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.84270.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.84270.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.8569+0.014+1.68%+1.01
+142022-03-070.9156+0.073+8.65%+5.21
+302022-03-211.026+0.183+21.75%+13.09
+602022-04-251.029+0.186+22.11%+13.31
+902022-05-231.131+0.288+34.20%+20.59

One volatility unit for this series is 1.66%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

total tax per litre: price with taxes minus price without taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+900.7130.6132022-01-24: 0.6226 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.6297 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.6329 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.6358 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.6388 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.6534 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.6910 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.6996 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 0.7030 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for total tax per litre: price with taxes minus price without taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.6226-0.013-2.07%-6.06
−142022-02-070.6297-0.006-0.96%-2.81
−72022-02-140.6329-0.003-0.46%-1.34
−32022-02-21same print as T00.63580.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.63580.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.63580.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.63580.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.63580.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.6388+0.003+0.47%+1.38
+142022-03-070.6534+0.018+2.77%+8.13
+302022-03-210.6910+0.055+8.69%+25.48
+602022-04-250.6996+0.064+10.04%+29.46
+902022-05-230.7030+0.067+10.58%+31.04

One volatility unit for this series is 0.34%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

total tax per litre: price with taxes minus price without taxes

Unit: € per litrePublished: weeklyCalculatedOfficial
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+900.8180.7282022-01-24: 0.7366 € per litre, used for offsets −302022-02-07: 0.7432 € per litre, used for offsets −142022-02-14: 0.7461 € per litre, used for offsets −7same print as T0 — 2022-02-21, 0.7489 € per litre, used for offsets −3, −1, T0, +1, +32022-02-28: 0.7519 € per litre, used for offsets +72022-03-07: 0.7642 € per litre, used for offsets +142022-03-21: 0.7874 € per litre, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 0.7881 € per litre, used for offsets +602022-05-23: 0.8095 € per litre, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset. At least one print used was published outside the −30 to +90 window; the axis is extended to show where it actually sits.

Window table for total tax per litre: price with taxes minus price without taxes: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-240.7366-0.012-1.65%-5.77
−142022-02-070.7432-0.006-0.76%-2.66
−72022-02-140.7461-0.003-0.38%-1.31
−32022-02-21same print as T00.74890.0000.00%0.00
−12022-02-21same print as T00.74890.0000.00%0.00
T02022-02-21same print as T00.74890.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-21same print as T00.74890.0000.00%0.00
+32022-02-21same print as T00.74890.0000.00%0.00
+72022-02-280.7519+0.003+0.40%+1.39
+142022-03-070.7642+0.015+2.04%+7.15
+302022-03-210.7874+0.038+5.14%+17.98
+602022-04-250.7881+0.039+5.22%+18.28
+902022-05-230.8095+0.061+8.08%+28.27

One volatility unit for this series is 0.29%, the standard deviation of its own week-on-week percentage changes over the three years before the event (148 changes). It is not a significance test.

US proxy - not a European price: US diesel spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).

Unit: $ per barrelPublished: dailyCalculatedLow
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+9087.3712.822022-01-25: 22.61 $ per barrel, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 25.09 $ per barrel, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 23.41 $ per barrel, used for offsets −72022-02-18: 21.50 $ per barrel, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 20.03 $ per barrel, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 20.76 $ per barrel, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 22.06 $ per barrel, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 37.39 $ per barrel, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 30.44 $ per barrel, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 55.41 $ per barrel, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 80.15 $ per barrel, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 54.28 $ per barrel, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for US proxy - not a European price: US diesel spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-2522.61+1.846+8.89%+1.05
−142022-02-1025.09+4.332+20.87%+2.47
−72022-02-1723.41+2.650+12.76%+1.51
−32022-02-1821.50+0.742+3.57%+0.42
−12022-02-2320.03-0.730-3.52%-0.42
T02022-02-24same print as T020.760.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-2522.06+1.302+6.27%+0.74
+32022-02-2522.06+1.302+6.27%+0.74
+72022-03-0337.39+16.632+80.11%+9.48
+142022-03-1030.44+9.682+46.63%+5.52
+302022-03-2555.41+34.648+166.88%+19.75
+602022-04-2580.15+59.392+286.06%+33.85
+902022-05-2554.28+33.516+161.43%+19.10

One volatility unit for this series is 8.45%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (751 changes). It is not a significance test.

US proxy - not a European price: US gasoline spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).

Unit: $ per barrelPublished: dailyCalculatedLow
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+9051.418.992022-01-25: 15.43 $ per barrel, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 17.95 $ per barrel, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 18.67 $ per barrel, used for offsets −72022-02-18: 19.03 $ per barrel, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 17.39 $ per barrel, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 17.36 $ per barrel, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 18.28 $ per barrel, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 18.33 $ per barrel, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 13.10 $ per barrel, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 16.69 $ per barrel, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 36.43 $ per barrel, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 47.31 $ per barrel, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for US proxy - not a European price: US gasoline spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-2515.43-1.934-11.14%-0.06
−142022-02-1017.95+0.594+3.42%+0.02
−72022-02-1718.67+1.306+7.52%+0.04
−32022-02-1819.03+1.666+9.60%+0.05
−12022-02-2317.39+0.026+0.15%+0.00
T02022-02-24same print as T017.360.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-2518.28+0.924+5.32%+0.03
+32022-02-2518.28+0.924+5.32%+0.03
+72022-03-0318.33+0.966+5.56%+0.03
+142022-03-1013.10-4.262-24.55%-0.14
+302022-03-2516.69-0.674-3.88%-0.02
+602022-04-2536.43+19.072+109.86%+0.61
+902022-05-2547.31+29.946+172.50%+0.95

One volatility unit for this series is 180.80%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (751 changes). It is not a significance test.

US proxy - not a European price: US jet spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).

Unit: $ per barrelPublished: dailyCalculatedLow
T0−30−14T0+14+30+60+9086.115.052022-01-25: 13.79 $ per barrel, used for offsets −302022-02-10: 16.48 $ per barrel, used for offsets −142022-02-17: 13.25 $ per barrel, used for offsets −72022-02-18: 12.98 $ per barrel, used for offsets −32022-02-23: 12.89 $ per barrel, used for offsets −1same print as T0 — 2022-02-24, 12.99 $ per barrel, used for offsets T02022-02-25: 14.50 $ per barrel, used for offsets +1, +32022-03-03: 23.95 $ per barrel, used for offsets +72022-03-10: 16.37 $ per barrel, used for offsets +142022-03-25: 37.98 $ per barrel, used for offsets +302022-04-25: 78.26 $ per barrel, used for offsets +602022-05-25: 40.71 $ per barrel, used for offsets +90

x: days from the event date. Each mark sits at the date the figure was published, which is how the as-of rule answers an offset.

Window table for US proxy - not a European price: US jet spot minus Brent spot, USD per barrel. A proxy for the Atlantic-basin product market, NOT a measure of European refining margins (§H).: value, change from the event date and change in volatility units at each offset.
OffsetPrint usedValueΔ absΔ %Volatility units
−302022-01-2513.79+0.796+6.13%+0.04
−142022-02-1016.48+3.492+26.88%+0.15
−72022-02-1713.25+0.256+1.97%+0.01
−32022-02-1812.98-0.014-0.11%-0.00
−12022-02-2312.89-0.100-0.77%-0.00
T02022-02-24same print as T012.990.0000.00%0.00
+12022-02-2514.50+1.512+11.64%+0.07
+32022-02-2514.50+1.512+11.64%+0.07
+72022-03-0323.95+10.962+84.38%+0.48
+142022-03-1016.37+3.382+26.03%+0.15
+302022-03-2537.98+24.988+192.33%+1.10
+602022-04-2578.26+65.272+502.40%+2.88
+902022-05-2540.71+27.720+213.36%+1.22

One volatility unit for this series is 174.63%, the standard deviation of its own day-on-day percentage changes over the three years before the event (751 changes). It is not a significance test.

Not available: licence-blocked

A source exists and its licence does not permit us to republish it. These channels are not missing from the world, only from this page.

Arabian Gulf to north-west Europe dirty tanker rate

Tanker freight rates are licensed such that public display, onward passing and derived data are all expressly prohibited, verified verbatim, and no open institution publishes a tanker rate.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

EU refined-product benchmark

EU refined-product benchmarks (Platts / Argus) are proprietary with no redistribution grant. US crack spreads are not a valid EU proxy and are not substituted.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

EU refined-product benchmark

EU refined-product benchmarks (Platts / Argus) are proprietary with no redistribution grant. US crack spreads are not a valid EU proxy and are not substituted.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

north-west Europe refining margin / crack spread

No published refining-margin series is held, and computing a margin ourselves would need the licensed EU product benchmarks, which may not be republished.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

north-west Europe refining margin / crack spread

No published refining-margin series is held, and computing a margin ourselves would need the licensed EU product benchmarks, which may not be republished.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

wholesale / rack price

Wholesale / rack price series are proprietary with no redistribution grant.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

wholesale / rack price

Wholesale / rack price series are proprietary with no redistribution grant.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

Not available: reason not classified

The API gave a reason code this page does not recognise. Its own sentence is shown unchanged below.

crude-only expected pre-tax price: the T0 bulletin-week price plus what the stored pass-through curves say crude alone would have done since

Neither the most recent three-year pass-through window nor the full sample has a COMPUTED estimate for this country and fuel, so there is no measured crude response to project. No substitute such as full pass-through is used.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

crude-only expected pre-tax price: the T0 bulletin-week price plus what the stored pass-through curves say crude alone would have done since

Neither the most recent three-year pass-through window nor the full sample has a COMPUTED estimate for this country and fuel, so there is no measured crude response to project. No substitute such as full pass-through is used.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

not explained by crude: actual pre-tax change since T0 minus the crude-only expected change. Never attributed

Neither the most recent three-year pass-through window nor the full sample has a COMPUTED estimate for this country and fuel, so there is no measured crude response to project. No substitute such as full pass-through is used.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

not explained by crude: actual pre-tax change since T0 minus the crude-only expected change. Never attributed

Neither the most recent three-year pass-through window nor the full sample has a COMPUTED estimate for this country and fuel, so there is no measured crude response to project. No substitute such as full pass-through is used.

13 offsets in the window are affected.

Source
European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER)Unknown
Period 2022-01Updated 2026-09-25 14:09 UTCConfidenceUnknownMethodologyDownload CSV

T0 is 2022-02-24. The baseline window is -90 to -31 days. Offsets materialised: -30, -14, -7, -3, -1, 0, 1, 3, 7, 14, 30, 60, 90. Method 1.0, calculation event_study-1.0, computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC.

Is Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022) really the reason?

The question splits into dimensions that are measured separately and never added into one number. Each row says whether we can see that dimension at all, and gives one published figure where we can.

Of the eight price-transmission channels this site reports, 4 have data in this run Calculated - a count of the rows below, not a measurement.

Methodology §11.1 publishes the thresholds the sentences below use: all eight channels present for the full comparison, at least three for the claim to be testable here at all, and 2.0 volatility units for a move to be described as outside a series' normal variation. Those are published wording choices, not statistical tests.

Dimensions of exposure to Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), each with its status and one published figure.
DimensionStatusPublished figure, or why there is none
Direct crude exposure (D1)Share of imported crude whose route requires the Strait of Hormuz.Range only6.728–12.93 % of imported tonnes at +30 d (2022-03) · no midpoint
Direct product exposure (D2)Share of imported refined product whose route requires the Strait of Hormuz.Range only0–11.30 % of imported tonnes at +30 d (2022-03) · no midpoint
Emergency stock cover (D7)Days of cover the published emergency stocks amount to. A buffer against a supply disruption, not a share of imports, and not a price channel.Observed109.0 days of cover at +30 d (published 2022-03-01)-2.68% from the level at T0 = -0.46 volatility units
Crude benchmarkThe quoted crude price European cargoes are priced against.Observed122.7 $ per barrel at +30 d (published 2022-03-25)+21.11% from the level at T0 = +4.87 volatility units
Refined-product benchmarkThe quoted product price refineries and wholesalers price against.UnavailableEU refined-product benchmarks (Platts / Argus) are proprietary with no redistribution grant. US crack spreads are not a valid EU proxy and are not substituted.
Refining marginWhat refining a barrel into this product earned.UnavailableNo published refining-margin series is held, and computing a margin ourselves would need the licensed EU product benchmarks, which may not be republished.
Freight ratesWhat it cost to ship the cargo.UnavailableTanker freight rates are licensed such that public display, onward passing and derived data are all expressly prohibited, verified verbatim, and no open institution publishes a tanker rate.
InventoriesStocks held, which absorb or amplify a supply change.Observed14,551,468 tonnes at +30 d (published 2022-03-01)-3.44% from the level at T0 = -0.91 volatility units
Wholesale pricesThe price between the refinery gate and the forecourt.UnavailableWholesale / rack price series are proprietary with no redistribution grant.
Pump price before taxThe pump price with excise, VAT and other fuel taxes stripped out.Observed1.107 € per litre at +30 d (published 2022-03-21)+31.16% from the level at T0 = +19.31 volatility units
Pump price with taxWhat a driver actually paid.Observed1.798 € per litre at +30 d (published 2022-03-21)+21.50% from the level at T0 = +22.09 volatility units

Physical exposure to the Strait of Hormuz and price exposure are different questions. A country with almost no direct physical exposure can still see its pump price move, because crude is priced globally - and a series that moved in this window may have moved for other reasons.

What the pump price did around this date

The decomposition page can be pinned to the weeks around the event date, so the pump move can be split into tax, input cost and the part the input cost does not account for.

Price decomposition, 2022-02-17 to 2022-03-26 →

The window is the published event date minus 7 days to plus 30 days. It is a window for looking, not a claim that the event caused what is inside it.

Actual vs crude-only: Spain, petrol (euro-super 95)

What the pre-tax price did from four weeks before to thirteen weeks after the event week, next to what it would have done had it followed only the crude input cost at the speed the stored pass-through estimate measures. The shaded difference is not explained by crude; it is not attributed to the event or to anything else. No fuel is selected, so petrol is shown.

The crude-only comparison could not be read.

API 404 for /api/events/ru-invasion-ukraine-2022/crude-only: No stored crude-only run for 'ru-invasion-ukraine-2022' and country 'spain'. Runs are stored for the pilot countries; available_countries lists them.

What the numbers support, sentence by sentence

Each sentence comes from a fixed template, chosen by published thresholds. Open “why this sentence” to see the numbers that selected it. None of this text is written by a language model, and none of it attributes cause.

  1. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's pre-tax petrol price moved +1.7%, which is 1.0 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.85693
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    7.260543670851004
    t0_value
    0.8427300000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    1.6849999406690017
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.0144839851750576
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.01419999999999988
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.6849999406690017
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.6609428687809609
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.0144839851750576
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.85693
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    7.260543670851004
    t0_value
    0.8427300000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    1.6849999406690017
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.0144839851750576
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.01419999999999988
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.6849999406690017
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.6609428687809609
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.0144839851750576

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint f53fae4e087e6fec6664b839cf8bf629e5099a737e75f5166760389a386628d3 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  2. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's pre-tax petrol price moved +21.7%, which is 13.1 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.026
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.099914205911332
    t0_value
    0.8427300000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    21.747178811719046
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    13.0932732368334
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.18326999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.747178811719046
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.6609428687809609
    change_in_volatility_units
    13.0932732368334
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.026
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.099914205911332
    t0_value
    0.8427300000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    21.747178811719046
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    13.0932732368334
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.18326999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.747178811719046
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.6609428687809609
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    13.0932732368334

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint ecf95650f2c6440e7b84c6b3bc45d2393e5ffb29c0afd50f7ef6735b90f30e95 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  3. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's pre-tax petrol price moved +34.2%, which is 20.6 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.13091
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    28.066900441394736
    t0_value
    0.8427300000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    34.1960058381688
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    20.58830949632046
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.28818
    change_pct_from_t0
    34.1960058381688
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.6609428687809609
    change_in_volatility_units
    20.58830949632046
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.13091
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    28.066900441394736
    t0_value
    0.8427300000000001
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    34.1960058381688
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    20.58830949632046
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.28818
    change_pct_from_t0
    34.1960058381688
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.6609428687809609
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    20.58830949632046

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 3bb8d96222f68dc33035402aae4c63edfcd3e3417bb3f2b6c88d0151d77c0bb5 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  4. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's tax-inclusive petrol price moved +1.1%, which is 1.2 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.60884
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    7.261790807741374
    t0_value
    1.59166
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    1.0793762486963279
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.1999904695769086
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.017179999999999973
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.0793762486963279
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.8994873509927901
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.1999904695769086
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.60884
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    7.261790807741374
    t0_value
    1.59166
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    1.0793762486963279
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.1999904695769086
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.017179999999999973
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.0793762486963279
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.8994873509927901
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.1999904695769086

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 074a173774c9ad3443a3dcfadad86cefd31d9980265497b219e1afc48047ed08 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  5. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's tax-inclusive petrol price moved +13.9%, which is 15.5 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.8134100000000002
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.103080046101173
    t0_value
    1.59166
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    13.93199552668284
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    15.48881761517346
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.2217500000000001
    change_pct_from_t0
    13.93199552668284
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.8994873509927901
    change_in_volatility_units
    15.48881761517346
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.8134100000000002
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.103080046101173
    t0_value
    1.59166
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    13.93199552668284
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    15.48881761517346
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.2217500000000001
    change_pct_from_t0
    13.93199552668284
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.8994873509927901
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    15.48881761517346

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 0d15bf6716ae2dd28335d82c8e1db9cd9b756268773cb8767089b6b3e8938836 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  6. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's tax-inclusive petrol price moved +21.9%, which is 24.4 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.9403599999999999
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    28.07199860116678
    t0_value
    1.59166
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    21.90794516416821
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    24.35603473466056
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.3486999999999998
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.90794516416821
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.8994873509927901
    change_in_volatility_units
    24.35603473466056
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.9403599999999999
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    28.07199860116678
    t0_value
    1.59166
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    change_pct
    21.90794516416821
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    24.35603473466056
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.3486999999999998
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.90794516416821
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.8994873509927901
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    24.35603473466056

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 71610f0199fe6272dcd2ae7c3b8a45c93d4f32a8e0ac34991509120dd61e7df5 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  7. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's pre-tax diesel price moved +1.7%, which is 1.1 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.85802
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    6.306628116912202
    t0_value
    0.84372
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    1.6948750770397738
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.0504130667255565
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.01429999999999998
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.6948750770397738
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.613531981588151
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.0504130667255565
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    0.85802
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    6.306628116912202
    t0_value
    0.84372
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    1.6948750770397738
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.0504130667255565
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.01429999999999998
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.6948750770397738
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.613531981588151
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.0504130667255565

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 7e47a73ddf500f0a9e0a1031575ab72f8249bdc298011fd3548cbf3075f959ed · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  8. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's pre-tax diesel price moved +31.2%, which is 19.3 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.10664
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.61767325029919
    t0_value
    0.84372
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    31.161996870999864
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    19.312909335907953
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.26292000000000004
    change_pct_from_t0
    31.161996870999864
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.613531981588151
    change_in_volatility_units
    19.312909335907953
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.10664
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.61767325029919
    t0_value
    0.84372
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    31.161996870999864
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    19.312909335907953
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.26292000000000004
    change_pct_from_t0
    31.161996870999864
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.613531981588151
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    19.312909335907953

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint bd5f55bd26c070cd934c027f1b0d71986255291a1803dc17593208af1c585685 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  9. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's pre-tax diesel price moved +38.0%, which is 23.5 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.164
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    23.919425116002174
    t0_value
    0.84372
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    37.96046081638457
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    23.526314476284025
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.3202799999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    37.96046081638457
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.613531981588151
    change_in_volatility_units
    23.526314476284025
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.164
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    23.919425116002174
    t0_value
    0.84372
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    37.96046081638457
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_PRETAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    pre-tax
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    23.526314476284025
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.3202799999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    37.96046081638457
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    1.613531981588151
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    23.526314476284025

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint cab89ffc475e2bd32050fbb560a1a92f4bd99598b3406cfbf22a289ebd93ae26 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  10. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's tax-inclusive diesel price moved +1.2%, which is 1.2 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — within that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.49679
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    6.305860058908368
    t0_value
    1.47949
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    1.1693218609115366
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.2014545432065753
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.017300000000000093
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.1693218609115366
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.9732551826644398
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.2014545432065753
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.49679
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    6.305860058908368
    t0_value
    1.47949
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    1.1693218609115366
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-02-28
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    1.2014545432065753
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.017300000000000093
    change_pct_from_t0
    1.1693218609115366
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    3
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.9732551826644398
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    1.2014545432065753

    Template event.price_move.within_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint dce8db1fccd7fc5cfe307bec851809bef8a4ebf37ad36ba76714c78541c4efdd · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  11. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's tax-inclusive diesel price moved +21.5%, which is 22.1 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.79763
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.616235649162153
    t0_value
    1.47949
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    21.50335588614996
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    22.094262911892365
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.3181400000000001
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.50335588614996
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.9732551826644398
    change_in_volatility_units
    22.094262911892365
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.79763
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    20.616235649162153
    t0_value
    1.47949
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    21.50335588614996
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-03-21
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    22.094262911892365
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.3181400000000001
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.50335588614996
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    5
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.9732551826644398
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    22.094262911892365

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 306a1856eac3b1011c9d37c89fdb37121722b89c9b71f048509ac5c25eb34ea9 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  12. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), Spain's tax-inclusive diesel price moved +26.2%, which is 26.9 times its normal week-to-week variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.86703
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    23.91745911001713
    t0_value
    1.47949
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    26.194161501598522
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    26.913970732616978
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.38754
    change_pct_from_t0
    26.194161501598522
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.9732551826644398
    change_in_volatility_units
    26.913970732616978
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (week-to-week)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    unit
    EUR/L
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    1.86703
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    z_score
    23.91745911001713
    t0_value
    1.47949
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    change_pct
    26.194161501598522
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    RETAIL_INCLTAX_ES_DIESEL
    series_kind
    tax-inclusive
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    week-to-week
    observation_date
    2022-05-23
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    26.913970732616978
    series_source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    0.38754
    change_pct_from_t0
    26.194161501598522
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    2
    normal_volatility_pct
    0.9732551826644398
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    26.913970732616978

    Template event.price_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 7f95552b5cf62823bff605e059d22043b7c305efcab1ee5f79acd039f2fb7886 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  13. What crude costs alone would have done to Spain's pre-tax petrol price over the 4 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022) is UNKNOWN: Neither the most recent three-year pass-through window nor the full sample has a COMPUTED estimate for this country and fuel (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §4.5), so there is no measured crude response to project. No substitute such as full pass-through is used (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.2).

    about SpainUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    UNKNOWN
    country
    Spain
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_COMPUTED_PASS_THROUGH_ESTIMATE
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    proxy_product
    null
    gap_eur_per_litre
    null
    actual_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_eur_per_litre
    null
    proxy_volatility_units
    null
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    null
    pass_through_window_label
    null
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    null
    Thresholds
    source
    docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.7; horizons are a v1 choice of this module
    proxy_rule
    the proxy sentence is added only when the US crack spread proxy moved by at least UNUSUAL_MOVE_VOLATILITY_UNITS of its normal day-to-day variation over the same weeks
    confidence_cap
    MEDIUM (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.5)
    statement_weeks
    [4,13]
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    petrol
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    UNKNOWN
    country
    Spain
    fuel_type
    EURO_SUPER_95
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_COMPUTED_PASS_THROUGH_ESTIMATE
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_ES_EURO_SUPER_95
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    proxy_product
    null
    statement_topic
    event
    gap_eur_per_litre
    null
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    actual_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_eur_per_litre
    null
    proxy_volatility_units
    null
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    null
    pass_through_window_label
    null
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    null

    Template event.crude_only.unknown v1.1 · Fingerprint 037461dba5dc3443f22bb72d46996e5077b3cb8e28423449f857d2ffa7980e1c · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  14. What crude costs alone would have done to Spain's pre-tax diesel price over the 4 weeks after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022) is UNKNOWN: Neither the most recent three-year pass-through window nor the full sample has a COMPUTED estimate for this country and fuel (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §4.5), so there is no measured crude response to project. No substitute such as full pass-through is used (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.2).

    about SpainUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    UNKNOWN
    country
    Spain
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_COMPUTED_PASS_THROUGH_ESTIMATE
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_ES_DIESEL
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    proxy_product
    null
    gap_eur_per_litre
    null
    actual_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_eur_per_litre
    null
    proxy_volatility_units
    null
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    null
    pass_through_window_label
    null
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    null
    Thresholds
    source
    docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.7; horizons are a v1 choice of this module
    proxy_rule
    the proxy sentence is added only when the US crack spread proxy moved by at least UNUSUAL_MOVE_VOLATILITY_UNITS of its normal day-to-day variation over the same weeks
    confidence_cap
    MEDIUM (docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §7.5)
    statement_weeks
    [4,13]
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    fuel
    diesel
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    weeks
    4
    status
    UNKNOWN
    country
    Spain
    fuel_type
    DIESEL
    gap_label
    NOT_EXPLAINED_BY_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_COMPUTED_PASS_THROUGH_ESTIMATE
    series_code
    CRUDE_ONLY_EXPECTED_ES_DIESEL
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    proxy_product
    null
    statement_topic
    event
    gap_eur_per_litre
    null
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    actual_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_eur_per_litre
    null
    proxy_volatility_units
    null
    proxy_change_usd_per_bbl
    null
    pass_through_window_label
    null
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    expected_low_eur_per_litre
    null
    expected_high_eur_per_litre
    null

    Template event.crude_only.unknown v1.1 · Fingerprint eaf1397cb40349627d002a669090c2cdc3d47b1631bafc3da4e90a58f871f2bc · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  15. Direct physical dependence on Hormuz-linked crude was moderate (5%–13%) for Spain in 2022-02. No point estimate is published: the origins concerned export from both inside and outside the Persian Gulf and the split per period is not public.

    about SpainCalculatedMedium
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    band
    moderate
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    NO_OBSERVATION
    country
    Spain
    commodity
    crude
    dimension
    DIRECT_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    value_max_pct
    12.5903377433241
    value_min_pct
    5.38610527454207
    exposure_status
    RANGE_ONLY
    value_point_pct
    null
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md §9 publishes no bands
    band_applied_to
    upper bound of the range (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md §3.2: a range has no meaningful midpoint)
    dependence_limited_max_pct
    10
    dependence_moderate_max_pct
    33
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    band
    moderate
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    NO_OBSERVATION
    country
    Spain
    commodity
    crude
    dimension
    DIRECT_CRUDE
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    value_max_pct
    12.5903377433241
    value_min_pct
    5.38610527454207
    exposure_status
    RANGE_ONLY
    statement_topic
    hormuz
    value_point_pct
    null
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.dependence.range v1.1 · Fingerprint 91d482b3f719ea1ff816cc3c5ca76612f529c42d4b41fd5fb562e1940344f982 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  16. Direct physical dependence on Hormuz-linked refined product was moderate (3%–15%) for Spain in 2022-02. No point estimate is published: the origins concerned export from both inside and outside the Persian Gulf and the split per period is not public.

    about SpainCalculatedMedium
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    band
    moderate
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    NO_OBSERVATION
    country
    Spain
    commodity
    refined product
    dimension
    DIRECT_PRODUCT
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    value_max_pct
    14.7162972753563
    value_min_pct
    2.97077865578417
    exposure_status
    PARTIAL
    value_point_pct
    null
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md §9 publishes no bands
    band_applied_to
    upper bound of the range (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md §3.2: a range has no meaningful midpoint)
    dependence_limited_max_pct
    10
    dependence_moderate_max_pct
    33
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    band
    moderate
    unit
    % of imported tonnes
    period
    2022-02
    status
    NO_OBSERVATION
    country
    Spain
    commodity
    refined product
    dimension
    DIRECT_PRODUCT
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    value_max_pct
    14.7162972753563
    value_min_pct
    2.97077865578417
    exposure_status
    PARTIAL
    statement_topic
    hormuz
    value_point_pct
    null
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.dependence.range v1.1 · Fingerprint 8308856ad779d8d2c13c6ad658399581e3b8890fe15014993b883d92e16333e1 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  17. Available evidence does not show a physical supply reduction: Spain's reported crude imports in 2022-02 were +4.2% against the mean of the previous 12 months.

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    country
    Spain
    change_pct
    4.171508129645579
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    partner_role
    ORIGIN
    value_tonnes
    4900615
    baseline_months
    12
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm"]
    baseline_mean_tonnes
    4704371.75
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md publishes no cut-off
    min_baseline_months
    6
    baseline_months_used
    12
    supply_reduction_pct
    -10
    supply_baseline_months
    12
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    country
    Spain
    change_pct
    4.171508129645579
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    partner_role
    ORIGIN
    value_tonnes
    4900615
    baseline_months
    12
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm"]
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    baseline_mean_tonnes
    4704371.75
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.supply.no_reduction v1.1 · Fingerprint 7dd572bda86d75cb10855273c9c5e07f41dc994351b3a1f5c2867d9688592f30 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  18. In 2022-02, Spain's oil stocks stood 3.0% below their trailing 12-month mean — inside the 5% either side that this site reads as in line with it, with 112.0 days of cover (as published).

    about SpainCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    direction
    below
    siec_code
    O4000
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    holder_type
    STK_CL
    series_code
    INVENTORY_ES
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    days_of_cover
    112
    metric_status
    COMPUTED
    mom_change_pct
    1.8598366916938092
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm"]
    total_stock_tonnes
    15069624
    days_of_cover_basis
    as published by Eurostat (nrg_stk_oem, STK_EUE_DIR); not stocks divided by consumption (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md D7)
    observation_gap_days
    23
    trailing_12m_mean_tonnes
    15537209
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct
    -3.009452984767084
    trailing_12m_observations
    12
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/METHODOLOGY.md publishes no band
    band_applied_to
    the rounded figure printed in the sentence
    days_of_cover_basis
    as published (Eurostat nrg_stk_oem, STK_EUE_DIR); never stocks divided by consumption (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md D7)
    trailing_window_months
    12
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct_raw
    -3.009452984767084
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct_shown
    -3
    inventory_material_deviation_pct
    5
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    tonnes
    month
    2022-02
    status
    OBSERVED
    country
    Spain
    direction
    below
    siec_code
    O4000
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    holder_type
    STK_CL
    series_code
    INVENTORY_ES
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    days_of_cover
    112
    metric_status
    COMPUTED
    mom_change_pct
    1.8598366916938092
    statement_topic
    event
    observation_date
    2022-02-01
    series_source_ids
    ["eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm"]
    total_stock_tonnes
    15069624
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    days_of_cover_basis
    as published by Eurostat (nrg_stk_oem, STK_EUE_DIR); not stocks divided by consumption (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md D7)
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    23
    trailing_12m_mean_tonnes
    15537209
    level_vs_trailing_12m_pct
    -3.009452984767084
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    trailing_12m_observations
    12

    Template event.inventory_level.in_line v1.1 · Fingerprint 02058155fb5349ca83a666d0bf07a9cdbf1badf901c3ac9ebbba1126c554b139 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  19. Summary of what can be checked here

    Only part of the chain can be checked for Spain around Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022): 4 of the 8 series the method compares are available (crude benchmark, inventories, pre-tax pump price and pump price with tax), while refined-product benchmark, refining margin, freight rates and wholesale prices are not. Any claim that rests on the missing links cannot be tested here. Direct physical dependence on Hormuz-linked crude was moderate (5–13%) over the period covered. This page describes what each series did around the event date. It is not a finding about cause: no causal design is published for this site, and a series that moved in the same window may have moved for other reasons.

    about SpainUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    country
    Spain
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    dependence_band
    moderate
    dependence_range
    5–13%
    channels_available
    ["crude benchmark","inventories","pre-tax pump price","pump price with tax"]
    supply_template_id
    event.supply.no_reduction
    channels_unavailable
    ["refined-product benchmark","refining margin","freight rates","wholesale prices"]
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; the channel list is docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.3
    channels_total
    8
    channels_available
    4
    verdict_partial_min_channels
    3
    verdict_assessable_min_channels
    8
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    country
    Spain
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    country_iso2
    ES
    country_name
    Spain
    country_slug
    spain
    dependence_band
    moderate
    statement_topic
    event
    dependence_range
    5–13%
    channels_available
    ["crude benchmark","inventories","pre-tax pump price","pump price with tax"]
    supply_template_id
    event.supply.no_reduction
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    channels_unavailable
    ["refined-product benchmark","refining margin","freight rates","wholesale prices"]
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.verdict.partial v1.1 · Fingerprint 511dc49ad3be8bf31f605b0391ecc1921f646885fdb751183059d2be25246eb8 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  20. In the 7 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), the Brent crude benchmark moved +13.9%, which is 3.2 times its normal day-to-day variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about the event as a wholeCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    115.36
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    5.841150770454914
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    13.890808569454036
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    BRENT
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-03
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.203825480890899
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    14.069999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    13.890808569454036
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.203825480890899
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (day-to-day)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    115.36
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    5.841150770454914
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    13.890808569454036
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    7
    series_code
    BRENT
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-03
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.203825480890899
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    14.069999999999993
    change_pct_from_t0
    13.890808569454036
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.203825480890899

    Template event.benchmark_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 499e14f143cd15685ef1480ed3fa89cd45abe5f0647c7ec6a69249dfc87c1dd1 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  21. In the 30 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), the Brent crude benchmark moved +21.1%, which is 4.9 times its normal day-to-day variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about the event as a wholeCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    122.67
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.996054504576924
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    21.107710534109977
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    BRENT
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    4.868357411616733
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    21.379999999999995
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.107710534109977
    observation_gap_days
    1
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    change_in_volatility_units
    4.868357411616733
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (day-to-day)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    122.67
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.996054504576924
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    21.107710534109977
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    30
    series_code
    BRENT
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-03-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    4.868357411616733
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    21.379999999999995
    change_pct_from_t0
    21.107710534109977
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    1
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    4.868357411616733

    Template event.benchmark_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 216049ee46b7aafc7c24ef4f74d592168c4ca36a76f9b7e30eb4f402126d0f04 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  22. In the 90 days after Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022), the Brent crude benchmark moved +14.9%, which is 3.4 times its normal day-to-day variation over the previous three years — outside that range.

    about the event as a wholeCalculatedOfficial
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    116.41
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.007039815711837
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    14.927436074637171
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    BRENT
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-05-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    15.11999999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    14.927436074637171
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267
    Thresholds
    source
    v1 choice of this module; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.2 requires the comparison but publishes no cut-off
    volatility_definition
    sample sd of period-over-period % changes over the 3 years before T0, at the series' own frequency (day-to-day)
    unusual_move_volatility_units
    2
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    unit
    $/BBL
    event
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    value
    116.41
    status
    OBSERVED
    z_score
    6.007039815711837
    t0_value
    101.29
    benchmark
    Brent crude
    change_pct
    14.927436074637171
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    offset_days
    90
    series_code
    BRENT
    statement_topic
    event
    variation_label
    day-to-day
    observation_date
    2022-05-25
    same_observation
    false
    volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267
    series_source_ids
    ["eia_brent_rbrte"]
    change_abs_from_t0
    15.11999999999999
    change_pct_from_t0
    14.927436074637171
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    observation_gap_days
    0
    normal_volatility_pct
    4.335694516541323
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0
    change_in_volatility_units
    3.4429169346887267

    Template event.benchmark_move.outside_normal v1.1 · Fingerprint 3c4d928f0edacc86e86f81949df4a6221c6a157e987b0435ccf81af9f53e267c · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  23. Freight rates reaction cannot be assessed: tanker freight rates are licensed such that public display, onward passing and derived data are all expressly prohibited, verified verbatim, and no open institution publishes a tanker rate.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["freight rates"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_FREIGHT_SOURCE
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["freight rates"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_FREIGHT_SOURCE
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint 06b89c2e9e647323c15398c394cf050a39c9a42ef3b469967cce5fff091ed96a · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  24. Refined-product benchmark reaction cannot be assessed: EU refined-product benchmarks (Platts / Argus) are proprietary with no redistribution grant. US crack spreads are not a valid EU proxy and are not substituted.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refined-product benchmark"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_PRODUCT_BENCHMARK
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refined-product benchmark"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_PRODUCT_BENCHMARK
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint eacf068451f42ad71340259d5f692acb03bf66b7a7d6f730ade5a819ff7d1005 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  25. Wholesale prices reaction cannot be assessed: wholesale / rack price series are proprietary with no redistribution grant.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["wholesale prices"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_WHOLESALE_SERIES
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["wholesale prices"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_LICENSED_WHOLESALE_SERIES
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint 0a8ec24923eb853f8772aa729f8ec775267350a63bc1d8e64f27facfb62978a7 · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

  26. Refining margin reaction cannot be assessed: no published refining-margin series is held, and computing a margin ourselves would need the licensed EU product benchmarks, which may not be republished.

    about the event as a wholeUnknownUnknown
    Why this sentence
    Variables
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refining margin"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    reason_code
    NO_REFINERY_MARGIN_SERIES
    Thresholds
    source
    CLAUDE.md §1; docs/PRICE_MODEL.md §2.1 (a series with no licensed source is visible as a gap)
    any_missing_channel_is_disclosed
    true
    Inputs
    t0
    2022-02-24T00:00:00+00:00
    channels
    ["refining margin"]
    event_name
    Russian invasion of Ukraine (24 February 2022)
    event_slug
    ru-invasion-ukraine-2022
    event_type
    WAR
    source_ids
    ["ec_weekly_oil_bulletin","ecb_exr_reference_rates","eia_brent_rbrte","eia_us_product_spot","eurostat_nrg_stk_oem","eurostat_nrg_stk_oilm","eurostat_nrg_ti_oilm","reference_hormuz_v1"]
    reason_code
    NO_REFINERY_MARGIN_SERIES
    statement_topic
    event
    calculation_version
    event_statements-1.0
    methodology_version
    1.0
    study_calculation_version
    event_study-1.0

    Template event.channel.unavailable v1.1 · Fingerprint 92e561b810be016411f6a7bbc96381cc8ebec1f6df6e0ae2fd7fc342f4dc1c9f · calculation event_statements-1.0 · computed 2026-09-25 14:09 UTC

What this does not show

  • It does not show that the event caused anything. No causal design is published for this site, and a series that moved in this window may have moved for other reasons.
  • A change in volatility units is not a significance test, and neither is a z-score. They measure different things and are not interchangeable.
  • Channels with no licensed or loaded source are shown as empty panels, not as flat lines. “We cannot see this” is not “this did not move”.
  • Nothing is interpolated. Where several offsets resolve to one published figure, that is what the publisher printed, and the change against the event date is zero because it is the same number.

Spain: supply, refineries and pump prices →

How to read the labels

  • OfficialReported directly by an official authority.
  • VerifiedReported by a third party we have verified against a primary record.
  • CalculatedComputed by us from reported inputs. The method is published on the methodology page.
  • Inferred · highNot reported. Inferred from at least two independent physical records.
  • Inferred · mediumNot reported. Inferred from strong indirect evidence, with no explicit confirmation.
  • Inferred · lowNot reported. Plausible from infrastructure or movement data only. Do not read as fact.
  • UnknownNo defensible public evidence establishes this. We are not guessing, and this is not a measurement of zero.