Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Austria's road diesel supply was 485 kt: 45% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (43%) and Slovenia (7%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (35%), the United States (16%) and Libya (10%), and 10% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan171 kt (est. 35%)United States76 kt (est. 16%)Libya46 kt (est. 10%)Guyana37 kt (est. 8%)Norway34 kt (est. 7%)United Kingdom19 kt (est. 4%)Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins40 kt (est. 8%)Slovenia: no refinery34 kt (7%)Austria: crude not from imports8.6 kt (2%)Germany: crude not from imports5.2 kt (1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)Austria (own refineries)217 kt (45%)Germany210 kt (43%)Slovenia34 kt (7%)Italy19 kt (4%)Czechia4.6 kt (<1%)Bulgaria1.3 kt (<1%)Austria: road diesel supply485 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Kazakhstan171 kt (est. 35%)
- United States76 kt (est. 16%)
- Libya46 kt (est. 10%)
- Guyana37 kt (est. 8%)
- Norway34 kt (est. 7%)
- United Kingdom19 kt (est. 4%)
- Azerbaijan14 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins40 kt (est. 8%)
- Slovenia: no refinery34 kt (7%)
- Austria: crude not from imports8.6 kt (2%)
- Germany: crude not from imports5.2 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported1.3 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.7 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Jun 2026)
209.6 thousand tonnes
43% of Austria's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- United States48 kt (est. 23%)
- Kazakhstan33 kt (est. 16%)
- Norway33 kt (est. 16%)
and 6 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Austria (own refineries) | Austria: road diesel supply | 216,647 | 44.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Austria: road diesel supply | 209,571 | 43.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovenia | Austria: road diesel supply | 33,505 | 6.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Austria: road diesel supply | 19,411 | 4.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Czechia | Austria: road diesel supply | 4,639 | 1.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Austria: road diesel supply | 1,293 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Austria (own refineries) | 133,747 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 47,548 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Slovenia: no refinery | Slovenia | 33,505 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 33,011 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 32,759 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 27,664 | 13.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Austria (own refineries) | 25,854 | 11.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria (own refineries) | 22,198 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 19,417 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Austria (own refineries) | 18,619 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 18,524 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 17,937 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Austria: crude not from imports | Austria (own refineries) | 8,574 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Azerbaijan | Germany | 7,415 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Austria split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 5,636 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Germany: crude not from imports | Germany | 5,233 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Austria (own refineries) | 4,683 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 4,594 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 3,349 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria (own refineries) | 2,972 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Austria split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 2,440 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Italy | 2,357 | 12.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Czechia | 1,609 | 34.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Czechia | 1,366 | 29.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 1,250 | 96.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Czechia | 833 | 18.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Italy | 483 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 437 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Norway | Czechia | 304 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Czechia | 272 | 5.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Czechia's road diesel to Austria split by Czechia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Czechia | 255 | 5.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Italy | 116 | 0.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Austria split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Bulgaria | 43 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Austria’s supply of road diesel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Slovenia: no refinery (33,505 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Austria: crude not from imports (8,574 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Germany: crude not from imports (5,233 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (1,314 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (734 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.