Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Belgium's road diesel supply was 1,112 kt: 61% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from the Netherlands (34%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (25%), the United States (18%) and Kazakhstan (12%), and 7% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway278 kt (est. 25%)United States204 kt (est. 18%)Kazakhstan133 kt (est. 12%)United Kingdom82 kt (est. 7%)Brazil71 kt (est. 6%)Guyana37 kt (est. 3%)Nigeria34 kt (est. 3%)Other crude origins193 kt (est. 17%)Netherlands: crude origin not reported34 kt (3%)Singapore: no crude data25 kt (2%)Belgium: crude origin not reported13 kt (1%)Smaller flows: no crude data8.6 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium (own refineries)675 kt (61%)Netherlands383 kt (34%)Singapore25 kt (2%)Germany14 kt (1%)Finland6.5 kt (<1%)Kuwait4.8 kt (<1%)United Kingdom3.8 kt (<1%)France0.1 kt (<1%)Belgium: road diesel supply1.11 Mt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Belgium (own refineries)
- Netherlands
- Singapore
- Germany
- Finland
- Kuwait
- United Kingdom
- France
- Norway278 kt (est. 25%)
- United States204 kt (est. 18%)
- Kazakhstan133 kt (est. 12%)
- United Kingdom82 kt (est. 7%)
- Brazil71 kt (est. 6%)
- Guyana37 kt (est. 3%)
- Nigeria34 kt (est. 3%)
- Other crude origins193 kt (est. 17%)
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported34 kt (3%)
- Singapore: no crude data25 kt (2%)
- Belgium: crude origin not reported13 kt (1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data8.6 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports0.4 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reportedless than 0.1 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Road diesel supplied (Jun 2026)
4.8 thousand tonnes
<1% of Belgium's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- Smaller flows: no crude data4.8 kt (100%)
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Belgium (own refineries) | Belgium: road diesel supply | 674,500 | 60.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Netherlands | Belgium: road diesel supply | 382,800 | 34.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Singapore | Belgium: road diesel supply | 25,400 | 2.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Germany | Belgium: road diesel supply | 14,000 | 1.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Finland | Belgium: road diesel supply | 6,500 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Belgium: road diesel supply | 4,800 | 0.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United Kingdom | Belgium: road diesel supply | 3,800 | 0.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Belgium (own refineries) | 204,578 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium (own refineries) | 116,480 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 103,186 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium (own refineries) | 96,485 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium (own refineries) | 92,037 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 71,684 | 18.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 66,531 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium (own refineries) | 51,555 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Belgium (own refineries) | 40,500 | 6.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 38,584 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium (own refineries) | 36,086 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 33,653 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 30,341 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 29,406 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Singapore: no crude data | Singapore | 25,400 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Nigeria | Belgium (own refineries) | 23,803 | 3.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Belgium split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Belgium: crude origin not reported | Belgium (own refineries) | 12,976 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Nigeria | Netherlands | 9,415 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Belgium split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Kuwait | 4,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Finland | 4,401 | 67.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | United Kingdom | 3,800 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 3,211 | 22.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Germany | 3,176 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 2,205 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 2,188 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 1,248 | 19.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 1,237 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 1,198 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 851 | 13.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Belgium split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 350 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Nigeria | Germany | 304 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Germany | 125 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Belgium split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | France | 30 | 29.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | France | 22 | 22.4% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | France | 20 | 19.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Nigeria | France | 10 | 9.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | France | 9 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | France | 4 | 3.9% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | France | 2 | 2.5% | EstimatedEstimate: France's road diesel to Belgium split by France's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | France | 2 | 1.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | France | 1 | 1.2% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
3 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Belgium’s supply of road diesel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Netherlands: crude origin not reported (33,653 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Singapore: no crude data (25,400 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Belgium: crude origin not reported (12,976 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (8,600 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (351 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (5 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.