Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Poland's road diesel supply was 1,419 kt: 55% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Germany (17%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (31%), Saudi Arabia (26%) and the United States (9%), and 15% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway445 kt (est. 31%)Saudi Arabia364 kt (est. 26%)United States130 kt (est. 9%)Kazakhstan52 kt (est. 4%)Guyana48 kt (est. 3%)United Kingdom39 kt (est. 3%)Libya35 kt (est. 2%)Other crude origins93 kt (est. 7%)United States: no crude data70 kt (5%)Origin not reported: crude unknown48 kt (3%)Poland: crude not from imports38 kt (3%)Canada: no crude data28 kt (2%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports13 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no refinery13 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: no crude data2.3 kt (<1%)Poland (own refineries)787 kt (55%)Germany244 kt (17%)United States70 kt (5%)Lithuania55 kt (4%)Sweden55 kt (4%)Belgium38 kt (3%)Canada28 kt (2%)Hungary28 kt (2%)Netherlands22 kt (2%)Denmark15 kt (1%)Other suppliers30 kt (2%)Imports, origin not reported48 kt (3%)Poland: road diesel supply1.42 Mt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Poland (own refineries)
- Germany
- United States
- Lithuania
- Sweden
- Belgium
- Canada
- Hungary
- Other (7)
- Norway445 kt (est. 31%)
- Saudi Arabia364 kt (est. 26%)
- United States130 kt (est. 9%)
- Kazakhstan52 kt (est. 4%)
- Guyana48 kt (est. 3%)
- United Kingdom39 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya35 kt (est. 2%)
- Other crude origins93 kt (est. 7%)
- United States: no crude data70 kt (5%)
- Origin not reported: crude unknown48 kt (3%)
- Poland: crude not from imports38 kt (3%)
- Canada: no crude data28 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports13 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no refinery13 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported2.7 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data2.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Road diesel supplied (Jun 2026)
15.4 thousand tonnes
1% of Poland's road diesel supply
Official
Crude behind it (estimate)
- United States6.0 kt (est. 39%)
- Norway4.8 kt (est. 31%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports3.1 kt (20%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis); Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Poland (own refineries) | Poland: road diesel supply | 786,917 | 55.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Germany | Poland: road diesel supply | 243,556 | 17.2% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| United States | Poland: road diesel supply | 69,812 | 4.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Lithuania | Poland: road diesel supply | 54,862 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Sweden | Poland: road diesel supply | 54,737 | 3.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Imports, origin not reported | Poland: road diesel supply | 47,599 | 3.4% | Summed by usPublisher's import total minus the named partners. |
| Belgium | Poland: road diesel supply | 38,012 | 2.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Other suppliers | Poland: road diesel supply | 29,955 | 2.1% | Summed by usSum of the smaller suppliers' published imports. |
| Canada | Poland: road diesel supply | 28,348 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Poland: road diesel supply | 27,827 | 2.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Poland: road diesel supply | 21,662 | 1.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Poland: road diesel supply | 15,394 | 1.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Saudi Arabia | Poland (own refineries) | 339,438 | 43.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Poland (own refineries) | 338,175 | 43.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States: no crude data | United States | 69,812 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Germany | 55,259 | 22.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Origin not reported: crude unknown | Imports, origin not reported | 47,599 | 100.0% | UnknownThe statistics did not say which country these imports came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Germany | 38,364 | 15.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Germany | 38,071 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Germany | 37,944 | 15.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Poland: crude not from imports | Poland (own refineries) | 37,706 | 4.8% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United States | Poland (own refineries) | 36,570 | 4.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Canada: no crude data | Canada | 28,348 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Norway | Sweden | 26,193 | 47.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Germany | 22,565 | 9.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Germany | 21,527 | 8.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Lithuania | 21,091 | 38.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Germany | 20,846 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Lithuania | 18,368 | 33.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Poland (own refineries) | 18,239 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 17,167 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Poland (own refineries) | 16,790 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Poland's road diesel to Poland split by Poland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no refinery | Other suppliers | 12,707 | 100.0% | UnknownThe supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only. |
| Norway | Belgium | 11,529 | 30.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Lithuania | 9,934 | 18.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden | 9,763 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Belgium | 9,301 | 24.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Hungary | 7,552 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden | 6,952 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Germany | 6,082 | 2.5% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Sweden | 6,078 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Denmark | 6,002 | 39.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Poland split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 5,857 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 5,839 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Belgium | 5,437 | 14.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Other suppliers | 5,240 | 79.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Belgium | 5,187 | 13.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 4,842 | 31.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Poland split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Lithuania | 4,315 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Lithuania's road diesel to Poland split by Lithuania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 3,765 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Other suppliers | 3,202 | 35.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden | 3,123 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Denmark | 3,069 | 19.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| United Kingdom | Belgium | 2,905 | 7.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Other suppliers | 2,885 | 32.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia | Germany | 2,824 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Germany's road diesel to Poland split by Germany's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Sweden | 2,627 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Poland split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Other suppliers | 2,258 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 2,220 | 8.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Netherlands | 2,183 | 10.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Belgium | 2,034 | 5.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 1,904 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 1,664 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 1,480 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Poland split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Other suppliers | 1,232 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Lithuania | 1,154 | 2.1% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Libya | Belgium | 855 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Belgium's road diesel to Poland split by Belgium's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Other suppliers | 734 | 9.4% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Belgium | 731 | 1.9% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 649 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Other suppliers | 601 | 6.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Other suppliers | 596 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Other suppliers | 500 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Other suppliers's road diesel to Poland split by Other suppliers's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 449 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Poland split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Hungary | 240 | 0.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Poland split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
2 flows with a share under 0.1% are not listed here. They are still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Poland’s supply of road diesel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- United States: no crude data (69,812 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Origin not reported: crude unknown (47,599 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Poland: crude not from imports (37,706 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Canada: no crude data (28,348 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (13,259 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no refinery (12,707 t): The supplying country has no crude oil refinery (a cited confirmed zero), so the fuel was made elsewhere and passed through. We look back one step only.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (2,709 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (2,258 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Imports, origin not reported (47,599 t): The statistics did not say which country these imports came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.