Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Romania's road diesel supply was 667 kt: 54% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Saudi Arabia (21%), Türkiye (10%) and Bulgaria (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Kazakhstan (23%) and Azerbaijan (8%), and 59% cannot be traced.
Country
Kazakhstan152 kt (est. 23%)Azerbaijan56 kt (est. 8%)Guyana22 kt (est. 3%)Libya16 kt (est. 2%)Canada15 kt (est. 2%)Ukraine4.5 kt (est. <1%)Russia3.4 kt (est. <1%)Other crude origins6.1 kt (est. <1%)Saudi Arabia: no crude data140 kt (21%)Romania: crude not from imports108 kt (16%)Türkiye: no crude data66 kt (10%)Bulgaria: crude origin not reported42 kt (6%)Israel: no crude data17 kt (3%)Kuwait: no crude data17 kt (3%)Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.2 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)Romania (own refineries)358 kt (54%)Saudi Arabia140 kt (21%)Türkiye66 kt (10%)Bulgaria43 kt (6%)Israel17 kt (3%)Kuwait17 kt (3%)Austria14 kt (2%)Italy6.0 kt (<1%)Slovakia5.0 kt (<1%)Hungary1.0 kt (<1%)Romania: road diesel supply667 kt (100%)
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Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Romania (own refineries)
- Saudi Arabia
- Türkiye
- Bulgaria
- Israel
- Kuwait
- Austria
- Italy
- Other (2)
- Kazakhstan152 kt (est. 23%)
- Azerbaijan56 kt (est. 8%)
- Guyana22 kt (est. 3%)
- Libya16 kt (est. 2%)
- Canada15 kt (est. 2%)
- Ukraine4.5 kt (est. <1%)
- Russia3.4 kt (est. <1%)
- Other crude origins6.1 kt (est. <1%)
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data140 kt (21%)
- Romania: crude not from imports108 kt (16%)
- Türkiye: no crude data66 kt (10%)
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported42 kt (6%)
- Israel: no crude data17 kt (3%)
- Kuwait: no crude data17 kt (3%)
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports2.2 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.3 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
Total supply (Jun 2026)
667.0 thousand tonnes
100% of Romania's road diesel supply
Official
Where it was refined
- Romania (own refineries)358 kt (54%)
- Saudi Arabia140 kt (21%)
- Türkiye66 kt (10%)
and 3 more in the table above
Source: Eurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output); Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis)
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Romania (own refineries) | Romania: road diesel supply | 358,000 | 53.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Saudi Arabia | Romania: road diesel supply | 140,000 | 21.0% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Türkiye | Romania: road diesel supply | 66,000 | 9.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Bulgaria | Romania: road diesel supply | 43,000 | 6.4% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Israel | Romania: road diesel supply | 17,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Kuwait | Romania: road diesel supply | 17,000 | 2.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Austria | Romania: road diesel supply | 14,000 | 2.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Italy | Romania: road diesel supply | 6,000 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Slovakia | Romania: road diesel supply | 5,000 | 0.7% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Hungary | Romania: road diesel supply | 1,000 | 0.1% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Kazakhstan | Romania (own refineries) | 142,198 | 39.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Saudi Arabia: no crude data | Saudi Arabia | 140,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Romania: crude not from imports | Romania (own refineries) | 108,053 | 30.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Türkiye: no crude data | Türkiye | 66,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Azerbaijan | Romania (own refineries) | 55,544 | 15.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Bulgaria: crude origin not reported | Bulgaria | 41,586 | 96.7% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Guyana | Romania (own refineries) | 20,487 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Israel: no crude data | Israel | 17,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Kuwait: no crude data | Kuwait | 17,000 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| Canada | Romania (own refineries) | 15,176 | 4.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Romania (own refineries) | 12,292 | 3.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Austria | 8,643 | 61.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Romania split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Romania (own refineries) | 4,249 | 1.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Romania's road diesel to Romania split by Romania's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Slovakia | 2,851 | 57.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Italy | 2,656 | 44.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Romania split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Austria | 1,973 | 14.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Romania split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Slovakia | 1,450 | 29.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Austria | 1,434 | 10.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Romania split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Italy | 1,420 | 23.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Romania split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Bulgaria | 1,414 | 3.3% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Guyana | Austria | 1,203 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Romania split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Kazakhstan | Italy | 1,035 | 17.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Romania split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Italy | 754 | 12.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Italy's road diesel to Romania split by Italy's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Russia | Hungary | 595 | 59.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Austria | 554 | 4.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Slovakia | 272 | 5.4% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Libya | Hungary | 271 | 27.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Slovakia | 239 | 4.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Azerbaijan | Austria | 192 | 1.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Austria's road diesel to Romania split by Austria's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Slovakia | 188 | 3.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Slovakia's road diesel to Romania split by Slovakia's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Italy | 135 | 2.2% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Smaller flows: crude not from imports | Hungary | 80 | 8.0% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Kazakhstan | Hungary | 23 | 2.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Ukraine | Hungary | 21 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Hungary | 10 | 1.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Hungary's road diesel to Romania split by Hungary's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Romania’s supply of road diesel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Saudi Arabia: no crude data (140,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Romania: crude not from imports (108,053 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Türkiye: no crude data (66,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Bulgaria: crude origin not reported (41,586 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Israel: no crude data (17,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Kuwait: no crude data (17,000 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude not from imports (2,183 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (272 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.