Flows
How oil reaches each country
Where the EU’s crude oil and fuel come from, as each member state reports its imports; every band’s width is proportional to tonnes.
In June 2026, Sweden's road diesel supply was 783 kt: 69% from its own refineries, with imports mainly from Finland (11%), Denmark (11%) and Norway (6%); tracing one step back, the crude behind it is estimated to come mainly from Norway (44%), the United States (18%) and the United Kingdom (10%), and 9% cannot be traced.
Country
Norway344 kt (est. 44%)United States144 kt (est. 18%)United Kingdom77 kt (est. 10%)Guyana61 kt (est. 8%)Libya33 kt (est. 4%)Brazil16 kt (est. 2%)Netherlands12 kt (est. 1%)Other crude origins27 kt (est. 3%)Norway: no crude data45 kt (6%)Denmark: crude not from imports16 kt (2%)Smaller flows: no crude data7.0 kt (<1%)Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)Sweden (own refineries)543 kt (69%)Finland85 kt (11%)Denmark82 kt (11%)Norway45 kt (6%)Spain15 kt (2%)Canada7.0 kt (<1%)Netherlands4.8 kt (<1%)Sweden: road diesel supply783 kt (100%)
Tap a country to follow its flows. Tap it again, or use the close button, to clear.
Crude origin (estimate)
- Colour = where it went:
- Sweden (own refineries)
- Finland
- Denmark
- Norway
- Spain
- Canada
- Netherlands
- Norway344 kt (est. 44%)
- United States144 kt (est. 18%)
- United Kingdom77 kt (est. 10%)
- Guyana61 kt (est. 8%)
- Libya33 kt (est. 4%)
- Brazil16 kt (est. 2%)
- Netherlands12 kt (est. 1%)
- Other crude origins27 kt (est. 3%)
- Norway: no crude data45 kt (6%)
- Denmark: crude not from imports16 kt (2%)
- Smaller flows: no crude data7.0 kt (<1%)
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported0.4 kt (<1%)
Where the fuel was refined
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
Crude behind this road diesel, an estimate (Jun 2026)
16.0 thousand tonnes
est. 2% of Sweden's road diesel supply
less than 0.1 kt reported16 kt estimated
Inferred · mediumEstimated
Refined in
- Sweden (own refineries)14 kt (est. 89%)
- Spain1.3 kt (est. 8%)
- Netherlands0.4 kt (est. 2%)
and 1 more in the table above
Source: Fuel Origin fuel-chain look-through (docs/HORMUZ_METHOD.md section 8), built on Eurostat nrg_ti_oilm and nrg_cb_oilm
- Reported (solid)
- Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
- Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
- Cannot be traced (hatched)
- Dashed: estimated from published euro value
The numbers as a table
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden (own refineries) | Sweden: road diesel supply | 542,605 | 69.3% | ReportedEurostat nrg_cb_oilm (refinery output) |
| Finland | Sweden: road diesel supply | 85,390 | 10.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Denmark | Sweden: road diesel supply | 82,469 | 10.5% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Norway | Sweden: road diesel supply | 45,299 | 5.8% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Spain | Sweden: road diesel supply | 15,100 | 1.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Canada | Sweden: road diesel supply | 7,034 | 0.9% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| Netherlands | Sweden: road diesel supply | 4,769 | 0.6% | ReportedEurostat nrg_ti_oilm (imports by country of origin, energy basis) |
| From | To | Tonnes | Share | How we know |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Norway | Sweden (own refineries) | 259,649 | 47.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Sweden (own refineries) | 96,781 | 17.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Sweden (own refineries) | 68,918 | 12.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Sweden (own refineries) | 60,253 | 11.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Finland | 57,822 | 67.7% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Norway: no crude data | Norway | 45,299 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Denmark | 32,156 | 39.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Sweden (own refineries) | 30,962 | 5.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Denmark | 25,940 | 31.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Denmark: crude not from imports | Denmark | 16,442 | 19.9% | UnknownThe refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix. |
| Other crude origins | Finland | 16,392 | 19.2% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Brazil | Sweden (own refineries) | 14,329 | 2.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Netherlands | Sweden (own refineries) | 11,713 | 2.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Sweden's road diesel to Sweden split by Sweden's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Finland | 11,176 | 13.1% | EstimatedPartly estimated from published euro value. Estimate: Finland's road diesel to Sweden split by Finland's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Finland did not publish its crude imports for part of that window; those months use crude imports estimated from the euro values it did publish (customs basis). |
| Other crude origins | Spain | 9,023 | 59.8% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Denmark | 7,930 | 9.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Denmark's road diesel to Sweden split by Denmark's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: no crude data | Canada | 7,034 | 100.0% | UnknownWe hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on. |
| United States | Spain | 2,218 | 14.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Spain | 1,709 | 11.3% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Other crude origins | Netherlands | 1,392 | 29.2% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Brazil | Spain | 1,305 | 8.6% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United States | Netherlands | 1,286 | 27.0% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Netherlands | 829 | 17.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Guyana | Spain | 560 | 3.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Smaller flows: crude origin not reported | Netherlands | 419 | 8.8% | UnknownThe supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from. |
| Brazil | Netherlands | 378 | 7.9% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Netherlands | 366 | 7.7% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| United Kingdom | Spain | 228 | 1.5% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Libya | Netherlands | 99 | 2.1% | EstimatedEstimate: Netherlands's road diesel to Sweden split by Netherlands's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
| Norway | Spain | 57 | 0.4% | EstimatedEstimate: Spain's road diesel to Sweden split by Spain's crude-import mix over 2026-04 to 2026-06. Confidence: medium. |
One flow with a share under 0.1% is not listed here. It is still counted in every total and drawn in the diagram, and the CSV under Source & method lists every flow.
Source & method
Source Period 2026-06 (month)Updated 2026-09-26 13:30 UTCConfidenceMediumMethodologyDownload CSV
EurostatInferred · medium
Provenance
Inferred · mediumMedium- Publisher
- Eurostat
- Dataset id
- Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country, monthly data (refined products)nrg_ti_oilmeurostat_nrg_ti_oilm_products
- Period
- 2026-06 (month)
- Retrieved
- 2026-09-23 12:11 UTC
- Type
- Inferred · medium
- Transformation
- none applied - stored exactly as published
- Licence
- Commission Decision 2011/833/EU - reuse authorised provided the source is acknowledged
- Supplier -> country links are published figures (OFFICIAL; the unattributed remainder and any 'Other suppliers' sum are CALCULATED).
- Crude -> supplier links are an estimate (INFERRED) from each supplier's crude-import mix; the published crude imports behind each one are in links[].evidence.
- Untraceable volumes are explicit UNKNOWN nodes with their cause. They are never spread over the traced origins.
Left: the crude oil behind the fuel (an estimate). Middle: the countries whose refineries made it. Right: Sweden’s supply of road diesel in 2026-06, in tonnes of fuel. Only the middle-to-right flows are reported figures.
Dashed crude links rest partly on crude imports estimated from published euro values: a supplier did not publish its crude imports for some months of the window (docs/METHODOLOGY.md section 6.1). Customs basis, INFERRED. Method
Month: 2026-06 (latest month all EU member states reported). Crude mixes are pooled over 2026-04 to 2026-06.
Fuel that cannot be traced, and the reason
- Norway: no crude data (45,299 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Denmark: crude not from imports (16,442 t): The refineries used more crude than the country imported (its own production or stocks). That part is not traced rather than being filled with the import mix.
- Smaller flows: no crude data (7,034 t): We hold no crude import statistics for the supplying country, and we do not assume what its refineries run on.
- Smaller flows: crude origin not reported (419 t): The supplying country's statistics did not say where part of its crude came from.
- Only the supplier -> country links are reported figures. The crude -> supplier links are an estimate: each supplier's fuel is split by that supplier's own crude-import mix over the latest three months.
- Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
- The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
- Widths are tonnes of this fuel, not tonnes of crude oil: a refinery makes several products from each tonne of crude.