Fuel Origin

Italy

Jet fuel, June 2026 — crude behind it: 15% Libya · 11% Kazakhstan · 9% United States · 34% cannot be traced. 1–39% of that crude may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz.

Estimated
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
  1. 1

    Italy: jet fuel available in June 2026

    Everything refined in the country plus everything imported.

  2. 2

    Where that fuel came from

    Italy's refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)

    India: crude origin not published.

    Türkiye: crude origin not published.

  3. 3

    The crude behind Italy's jet fuel

Assumptions
  • Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
  • Each country's refineries are assumed to run on its crude-import mix over the latest three months.
  • The chain looks back one country only; fuel re-exported through a supplier is not followed further.
  • The crude origin is the producing country the statistics report, not the loading terminal, so the Hormuz answer is a range wherever a producer loads both inside and outside the Persian Gulf.

In June 2026, most jet fuel available in Italy was refined in Italy (59%), followed by India (20%).

Italy's refineries ran on crude from Libya (24%), Kazakhstan (17%) and Azerbaijan (13%), going by its crude imports in April–June 2026.

Taken together, an estimated 14% of the crude behind Italy's jet fuel came from Libya, 11% from Kazakhstan and 9% from the United States; 34% cannot be traced.

The largest untraced part (20%) is there because we hold no crude import statistics for India.

Between 1% and 39% of the crude behind Italy's jet fuel is estimated to have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, a significant dependence judged on the upper bound. No midpoint is published: crude that cannot be traced is counted as anything from none to all of it.

This is an estimate, not a reported figure: it assumes exports are drawn proportionally from every source and that each country's refineries run on its crude-import mix, and it looks back only one country.

Pump prices and tax for Italy → latest weekly price €2.14 per litre (petrol, week of 21 Sep 2026)

See Italy in the flow diagram →Imports since 2015 →Compare Italy with other countries →Ports, pipelines and refineries →

Crude origins

Calculated

10 refineries · 68.7 Mt/a where comparable.

In June 2026, 14 countries supplied crude imports; the largest three accounted for 58%.

Share of crude imports by origin, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares; blank months were not published
Feb 2025Jun 20260%25%50%75%100%Libya 24.2%Azerbaijan 12.8%Kazakhstan 17.8%United States 12.5%Other origins 24.3%
  • Libya
  • Azerbaijan
  • Kazakhstan
  • United States
  • Iraq
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Other origins
  • Origin not published

Share of crude imports, June 2026

0%50%100%LibyaKazakhstanUnited StatesAzerbaijanSaudi ArabiaBrazilOther origins24.3%20.0%13.8%11.7%7.6%5.6%17.1%

Since January 2023: Iraq −15.4 pt, Libya +9.9 pt.

Share of crude imports, June 2026: all origins
Country of originShareTonnes
Libya24%1,182,200
Kazakhstan20%974,227
United States14%670,684
Azerbaijan12%569,095
Saudi Arabia8%367,894
Brazil6%271,344
Other origins17%
All 10 refineries
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • Refinery operators and national regulators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin curated refinery reference list
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Download
Download CSV

Product origins

Calculated

Jet fuel imports, June 2026: India 48%, Türkiye 15%, Netherlands 12%, Nigeria 12%, Spain 11%, Slovenia 3% (re-exported; origin not traceable).

Share of jet fuel imports by origin, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares; blank months were not published
Jan 2026Jun 20260%25%50%75%100%India 33.7%Türkiye 20.9%Greece 11.8%Saudi Arabia 11.1%Other origins 11.4%
  • India
  • Egypt
  • Türkiye
  • Greece
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Slovenia
  • Other origins

Share of jet fuel imports, June 2026

0%50%100%IndiaTürkiyeNetherlandsNigeriaSpainSlovenia47.8%14.8%11.9%11.6%10.8%3.1%
Share of jet fuel imports, June 2026: all origins
Country of originShareTonnes
India48%132,020
Türkiye15%40,975
Netherlands12%32,995
Nigeria12%31,971
Spain11%29,871
Slovenia3%8,545
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Download
Download CSV

Stocks & days of cover

Official

90 days of emergency stock cover in June 2026.

Closing stocks: 17,170,285 tonnes, +1.4% against the 12-month average.

Closing stocks, to June 2026

Jan 2025Jun 202615M16M17M18M19M
  • Closing stocks
  • 12-month average

Days of cover, to June 2026

Jan 2025Jun 20267580859095
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Emergency oil stocks in days equivalent - monthly data
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Stock levels for oil products - monthly data
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Download
Download CSV

Which method the member state used

  • Stock calculation method: method 1
  • Minimum obligation method: method 1
  • Days calculation method: method 2

Recent events

Official

All events →

Source & method
Source
  • International Energy Agency — Event timeline, cited per event
  • US Energy Information Administration — Event timeline, cited per event
  • European Commission — Event timeline, cited per event
  • European Council — Event timeline, cited per event
  • National legislators — Event timeline, cited per event
Every source, with links and licences
Method
How this figure is made