Fuel Origin

Italy

Road diesel, June 2026 — crude behind it: 20% Libya · 15% Kazakhstan · 11% United States · 15% cannot be traced. 1–22% of that crude may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz.

Estimated
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
  • Reported (solid)
  • Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
  • Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
  • Cannot be traced (hatched)
Assumptions
  1. 1

    Italy: road diesel available in June 2026

    Everything refined in the country plus everything imported.

  2. 2

    Where that fuel came from

    • Also:
    • Refined in Italy 85%
    • Saudi Arabia 10%
    • Other suppliers (9) 5%

    Italy's refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)

    Saudi Arabia: crude origin not published.

    Egypt: crude origin not published.

  3. 3

    The crude behind Italy's road diesel

  • Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
  • Each country's refineries are assumed to run on its crude-import mix over the latest three months.
  • The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
  • The crude origin is the producing country the statistics report, not the loading terminal, so the Hormuz answer is a range wherever a producer loads both inside and outside the Persian Gulf.

In June 2026, most road diesel available in Italy was refined in Italy (85%), followed by Saudi Arabia (10%).

Italy's refineries ran on crude from Libya (24%), Kazakhstan (17%) and Azerbaijan (13%), going by its crude imports in April–June 2026.

Taken together, an estimated 20% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel came from Libya, 15% from Kazakhstan and 11% from the United States; 15% cannot be traced.

The largest untraced part (10%) is there because we hold no crude import statistics for Saudi Arabia.

Between 1% and 22% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel is estimated to have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, a moderate dependence judged on the upper bound. No midpoint is published: crude that cannot be traced is counted as anything from none to all of it.

This is an estimate, not a reported figure: it assumes exports are drawn proportionally from every source and that each country's refineries run on its crude-import mix, and it looks back only one country.

Hormuz and the pump price in Italy

Calculated
  • At most 22% of the crude behind Italy's road diesel in June 2026 could have passed through Hormuz.
  • Since 28 Feb 2026, diesel at the pump went +34.1%; Brent (in US dollars) went +61.5% (week of 23 Feb 2026 to week of 21 Sep 2026).
  • 43% of the diesel pump price is tax (week of 21 Sep 2026).

Is Hormuz really the reason? — the EU-wide picture →

Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER) — Weekly Oil Bulletin - retail fuel prices with and without taxes
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) — Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (petroleum spot prices)
Every source, with links and licences
Method
How this figure is made
  • Strait of Hormuz: the upper end of the headline’s estimate for June 2026, the same figure as in the sentence above; no new figure is made here.
  • Pump price: Weekly Oil Bulletin, diesel including tax, week of 23 Feb 2026 (€1.702 per litre) and week of 21 Sep 2026 (€2.281 per litre). Brent: EIA daily spot price, the first print dated in each of those weeks (23 Feb 2026: 71.9; 21 Sep 2026: 116.15; US dollars per barrel). Each change is worked out in the currency it is published in; no exchange rate is applied. The start week is the one containing the event date of Strait of Hormuz shipping disruption (2026) (28 Feb 2026), the event the Strait of Hormuz page leads with; the end week is the latest week with both prices.
  • Tax share: the pump price split into tax and price before tax for the week of 21 Sep 2026 (Weekly Oil Bulletin prices and published tax rates), as on the pump price page.
  • The three figures are shown side by side, each on its own; no link between them is drawn here.

Go deeper for Italy

Pump prices at stations

Calculated

On 29 September 2026, 20,243 stations in Italy reported a diesel (self-service) price. Half of them charged €2.369 a litre or less. Eight in ten charged between €2.190 and €2.429.

The EU Weekly Oil Bulletin gives €2.281 for automotive gas oil (diesel) in Italy for the week of 21 September 2026, the latest week published: a weekly national average reported by the state, measured differently from the prices stations declare.

Station prices on 29 September 2026, by fuel

  • Diesel, self-servicemedian €2.369 · 20,243 stations€2.190 to €2.429 · bulletin €2.281
  • Diesel, served (attended)median €2.415 · 13,777 stations€2.340 to €2.648 · bulletin €2.281
  • Petrol (benzina), self-servicemedian €2.149 · 20,237 stations€1.990 to €2.199 · bulletin €2.141
  • Petrol (benzina), served (attended)median €2.215 · 13,805 stations€2.147 to €2.419 · bulletin €2.141
  • LPG (autogas), self-servicemedian €0.747 · 155 stations€0.689 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770
  • LPG (autogas), served (attended)median €0.749 · 4,508 stations€0.694 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770

10th-90th percentile of stations (calculated)median (calculated)Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average (official)

Diesel, self-service: median at stations and the bulletin, 26 August 2025 to 29 September 2026

The source delivered no data from 1 July 2026 to 25 September 2026; the line is left broken there, not filled in.

No station dataFeb 2026Sep 20261.501.752.002.252.50EUR / litre
  • Median of stations(calculated)
  • 10th-90th percentile of stations(calculated)
  • Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average(official)
  • No station data: the source delivered no station prices

Diesel, self-service by province, 29 September 2026

107 provinces. Select a column heading to sort. * marks a code that is not exactly the named area (notes below).

Sort byProvince ↑Median10th pct.90th pct.Stations

Province ↑Median10th pct.90th pct.Stations
AG · Agrigento€2.398€2.190€2.452119
AL · Alessandria€2.379€2.190€2.429203
AN · Ancona€2.344€2.190€2.399210
AR · Arezzo€2.396€2.190€2.430142
AP · Ascoli Piceno€2.329€2.190€2.40288
AT · Asti€2.379€2.190€2.419112
AV · Avellino€2.369€2.298€2.429188
BA · Bari€2.369€2.190€2.419367
BT · Barletta-Andria-Trani€2.379€2.190€2.42995
BL · Belluno€2.379€2.190€2.41594
BN · Benevento€2.359€2.190€2.448132
BG · Bergamo€2.385€2.190€2.439317
BI · Biella€2.349€2.190€2.42969
BO · Bologna€2.359€2.190€2.429318
BZ · Bolzano/Bozen€2.419€2.190€2.467155
BS · Brescia€2.389€2.190€2.440470
BR · Brindisi€2.359€2.190€2.419160
CA · Cagliari*€2.359€2.190€2.399128
CL · Caltanissetta€2.389€2.190€2.42982
CB · Campobasso€2.362€2.190€2.399104
CE · Caserta€2.349€2.190€2.399307
CT · Catania€2.379€2.190€2.429363
CZ · Catanzaro€2.389€2.190€2.429154
CH · Chieti€2.355€2.190€2.410182
CO · Como€2.389€2.192€2.439106
CS · Cosenza€2.399€2.190€2.442256
CR · Cremona€2.379€2.190€2.419134
KR · Crotone€2.399€2.190€2.44945
CN · Cuneo€2.397€2.190€2.435296
EN · Enna€2.389€2.190€2.45955
FM · Fermo€2.319€2.190€2.39983
FE · Ferrara€2.359€2.190€2.414144
FI · Firenze€2.368€2.190€2.429285
FG · Foggia€2.368€2.190€2.429209
FC · Forlì-Cesena€2.349€2.190€2.409151
FR · Frosinone€2.346€2.190€2.420245
GE · Genova€2.389€2.190€2.439212
GO · Gorizia*€2.379€2.190€2.43941
GR · Grosseto€2.359€2.190€2.410130
IM · Imperia€2.389€2.190€2.44771
IS · Isernia€2.398€2.190€2.43941
AQ · L'Aquila€2.369€2.190€2.429133
SP · La Spezia€2.389€2.190€2.43773
LT · Latina€2.379€2.190€2.429247
LE · Lecce€2.359€2.190€2.429381
LC · Lecco€2.389€2.192€2.43985
LI · Livorno€2.349€2.190€2.399137
LO · Lodi€2.380€2.190€2.41971
LU · Lucca€2.389€2.190€2.429178
MC · Macerata€2.329€2.190€2.399151
MN · Mantova€2.369€2.190€2.409166
MS · Massa-Carrara€2.389€2.190€2.43971
MT · Matera€2.369€2.190€2.41975
ME · Messina€2.399€2.190€2.439190
MI · Milano€2.379€2.190€2.439647
MO · Modena€2.360€2.190€2.439259
MB · Monza e della Brianza€2.389€2.190€2.419193
NA · Napoli€2.355€2.190€2.429675
NO · Novara€2.379€2.190€2.419139
NU · Nuoro*€2.419€2.190€2.48985
OR · Oristano€2.397€2.190€2.41366
PD · Padova€2.339€2.190€2.399325
PA · Palermo€2.374€2.190€2.429319
PR · Parma€2.357€2.190€2.423180
PV · Pavia€2.379€2.190€2.443183
PG · Perugia€2.349€2.190€2.419301
PU · Pesaro e Urbino€2.349€2.190€2.399147
PE · Pescara€2.357€2.190€2.399122
PC · Piacenza€2.359€2.190€2.438132
PI · Pisa€2.387€2.190€2.419191
PT · Pistoia€2.399€2.190€2.429102
PN · Pordenone*€2.339€2.190€2.423117
PZ · Potenza€2.379€2.190€2.438148
PO · Prato€2.384€2.190€2.42968
RG · Ragusa€2.389€2.190€2.429149
RA · Ravenna€2.359€2.190€2.399146
RC · Reggio Calabria€2.389€2.190€2.429183
RE · Reggio nell'Emilia€2.368€2.190€2.405186
RI · Rieti€2.349€2.190€2.42782
RN · Rimini€2.339€2.190€2.399122
RM · Roma€2.359€2.190€2.4191,202
RO · Rovigo€2.319€2.190€2.397123
SA · Salerno€2.379€2.190€2.439350
SS · Sassari*€2.399€2.190€2.449181
SV · Savona€2.378€2.190€2.439112
SI · Siena€2.387€2.190€2.429120
SR · Siracusa€2.397€2.190€2.449145
SO · Sondrio€2.329€1.736€2.40862
SU · Sud Sardegna*€2.399€2.190€2.455135
TA · Taranto€2.359€2.190€2.429181
TE · Teramo€2.349€2.190€2.424136
TR · Terni€2.349€2.190€2.399107
TO · Torino€2.379€2.190€2.429654
TP · Trapani€2.379€2.190€2.431176
TN · Trento€2.359€2.190€2.439201
TV · Treviso€2.359€2.190€2.409296
TS · Trieste*€2.439€2.190€2.48732
UD · Udine*€2.389€2.190€2.449220
AO · Valle d'Aosta/Vallée d'Aoste€2.399€2.190€2.43367
VA · Varese€2.379€2.190€2.409226
VE · Venezia€2.339€2.190€2.407255
VB · Verbano-Cusio-Ossola€2.399€2.190€2.43956
VC · Vercelli€2.359€2.190€2.40085
VR · Verona€2.359€2.190€2.399322
VV · Vibo Valentia€2.394€2.190€2.43654
VI · Vicenza€2.339€2.190€2.399302
VT · Viterbo€2.369€2.189€2.410153

2 of the 20,243 stations have no province in the registry yet; they are counted in the national figures only.

Where the code and the named area differ (8)
  • CA · Cagliari: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); Cagliari now also takes in communes of the former Sud Sardegna. A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
  • GO · Gorizia: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
  • NU · Nuoro: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); part of Nuoro went to the new Province of Ogliastra (OG). A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
  • PN · Pordenone: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
  • SS · Sassari: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); the Province of Sassari became the Città metropolitana di Sassari, and its Gallura communes went to Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna (OT). A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
  • SU · Sud Sardegna: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); Sud Sardegna was abolished and its communes went to Cagliari, Medio Campidano (VS), Sulcis Iglesiente (CI), and one commune each to Ogliastra (OG) and Nuoro (NU). The station registry still uses this code.
  • TS · Trieste: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
  • UD · Udine: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
Source & method
Source
  • Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT), Osservatorio prezzi carburanti — Carburanti - prezzi praticati (prezzo_alle_8) e anagrafica degli impianti attivi
  • European Commission, DG Energy — Weekly Oil Bulletin
Every source, with links and licences
Period
Latest day 29 September 2026
Method
How this figure is made

Source: Osservatorio prezzi carburanti, data provided by the Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT). Licence: IODL 2.0. Latest day used: 29 September 2026.

Licence: IODL 2.0 (Italian Open Data License) · Dataset: publisher's page

Station prices are published by the state and declared by the stations themselves (official, self-declared). The spread, median and regional figures are our arithmetic on them (calculated). The Weekly Oil Bulletin is a weekly national average that the state reports to the European Commission (official); it is measured differently, so a gap between the two is a difference of method, not an error.

A station counts on a day only if the source still reported its price that day (its own last report no more than 30 days old); a day the source did not deliver is left out, never filled in. Regions with fewer than 5 stations show a count only. Figures are EUR per litre as published, taxes included. Maximum prices set by a government are never shown as a station price.

Province: The province code (sigla) the station registry gives for each station, named from ISTAT's list. Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026, so a Sardinian station may still carry its earlier code.

Crude origins

Calculated

10 refineries · 68.7 Mt/a where comparable.

In June 2026, 14 countries supplied crude imports; the largest three accounted for 58%.

Share of crude imports by origin, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares, over the months with figures in each window
Jan 2025Jun 20260%25%50%75%100%Libya 24.2%Azerbaijan 12.8%Kazakhstan 17.8%United States 12.5%Other origins 24.3%
  • Libya
  • Azerbaijan
  • Kazakhstan
  • United States
  • Iraq
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Other origins
  • Origin not published

Share of crude imports, June 2026 (published)

0%50%100%LibyaKazakhstanUnited StatesAzerbaijanSaudi ArabiaBrazilOther origins24.3%20.0%13.8%11.7%7.6%5.6%17.1%

Since January 2023: Iraq −15.4 pt, Libya +9.9 pt.

Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • Refinery operators and national regulators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin curated refinery reference list
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Download
Download CSV

Product origins

Calculated

Road diesel imports, June 2026: Saudi Arabia 66%, Egypt 12%, Greece 9%, Israel 8%, Netherlands 3%, France 1%, other origins 0.3%.

Share of road diesel imports by country last shipped from, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares, over the months with figures in each window
Dec 2025Jun 20260%25%50%75%100%Saudi Arabia 62.2%Egypt 15.2%
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Egypt
  • India
  • Kuwait
  • Netherlands
  • Greece
  • Other origins
  • Origin not published

Share of road diesel imports, June 2026 (published)

0%50%100%Saudi ArabiaEgyptGreeceIsraelNetherlandsFranceOther origins66.4%11.9%9.3%7.6%3.2%1.4%0.3%
Share of road diesel imports, June 2026 (published): all countries last shipped from
Country last shipped fromShareTonnes
Saudi Arabia66%234,892
Egypt12%41,993
Greece9%32,947
Israel8%26,934
Netherlands3%11,316
France1%4,892
Other origins0.3%
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Download
Download CSV

Stocks & days of cover

Official

90 days of emergency stock cover in June 2026.

Closing stocks: 17,170,285 tonnes, +1.4% against the 12-month average.

Closing stocks, to June 2026

Jan 2025Jun 202615M16M17M18M19M
  • Closing stocks
  • 12-month average

Days of cover, to June 2026

Jan 2025Jun 20267580859095
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Emergency oil stocks in days equivalent - monthly data
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Stock levels for oil products - monthly data
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Which method the member state used
  • Stock calculation method: method 1
  • Minimum obligation method: method 1
  • Days calculation method: method 2
Download
Download CSV

Recent events

Official
Source & method
Source
  • International Energy Agency — Event timeline, cited per event
  • US Energy Information Administration — Event timeline, cited per event
  • European Commission — Event timeline, cited per event
  • European Council — Event timeline, cited per event
  • National legislators — Event timeline, cited per event
Every source, with links and licences
Method
How this figure is made