Fuel Origin

Italy

Petrol, June 2026 — crude behind it: 23% Libya · 18% Kazakhstan · 12% United States · 2% cannot be traced. 2–12% of that crude may have passed through the Strait of Hormuz.

Estimated
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made

Crude behind it (estimated)

Last shipped from

  • Reported (solid)
  • Our arithmetic on reported figures (dotted)
  • Estimated crude behind the fuel (dashed)
  • Cannot be traced (hatched)
Assumptions
  1. 1

    Italy: petrol available in June 2026

    Everything refined in the country plus everything imported.

  2. 2

    Where that fuel came from

    • Also:
    • Refined in Italy 91%
    • Greece 7%
    • Other suppliers (2) 2%

    Italy's refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)

    Greece's refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)

    Spain's refineries ran on (going by its crude imports, April–June 2026)

  3. 3

    The crude behind Italy's petrol

  • Exports are assumed to be drawn from every source in proportion to its share of supply.
  • Each country's refineries are assumed to run on its crude-import mix over the latest three months.
  • The chain looks back one country only. Imports are counted under the country the fuel was last shipped from; where that country has refineries, fuel that only passed through it is traced as if it had been refined there.
  • The crude origin is the producing country the statistics report, not the loading terminal, so the Hormuz answer is a range wherever a producer loads both inside and outside the Persian Gulf.

In June 2026, most petrol available in Italy was refined in Italy (91%), followed by Greece (7%).

Italy's refineries ran on crude from Libya (24%), Kazakhstan (17%) and Azerbaijan (13%), going by its crude imports in April–June 2026.

Taken together, an estimated 23% of the crude behind Italy's petrol came from Libya, 18% from Kazakhstan and 12% from the United States; 2% cannot be traced.

Between 2% and 12% of the crude behind Italy's petrol is estimated to have passed through the Strait of Hormuz, a moderate dependence judged on the upper bound. No midpoint is published: crude that cannot be traced is counted as anything from none to all of it.

This is an estimate, not a reported figure: it assumes exports are drawn proportionally from every source and that each country's refineries run on its crude-import mix, and it looks back only one country.

Hormuz and the pump price in Italy

Calculated
  • At most 12% of the crude behind Italy's petrol in June 2026 could have passed through Hormuz.
  • Since 28 Feb 2026, petrol at the pump went +29.4%; Brent (in US dollars) went +61.5% (week of 23 Feb 2026 to week of 21 Sep 2026).
  • 49% of the petrol pump price is tax (week of 21 Sep 2026).

Is Hormuz really the reason? — the EU-wide picture →

Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • EIA, IEA and terminal operators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin Hormuz route classification and country bounds, methodology v1.0
  • European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy (DG ENER) — Weekly Oil Bulletin - retail fuel prices with and without taxes
  • U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) — Europe Brent Spot Price FOB (petroleum spot prices)
Every source, with links and licences
Method
How this figure is made
  • Strait of Hormuz: the upper end of the headline’s estimate for June 2026, the same figure as in the sentence above; no new figure is made here.
  • Pump price: Weekly Oil Bulletin, petrol including tax, week of 23 Feb 2026 (€1.655 per litre) and week of 21 Sep 2026 (€2.141 per litre). Brent: EIA daily spot price, the first print dated in each of those weeks (23 Feb 2026: 71.9; 21 Sep 2026: 116.15; US dollars per barrel). Each change is worked out in the currency it is published in; no exchange rate is applied. The start week is the one containing the event date of Strait of Hormuz shipping disruption (2026) (28 Feb 2026), the event the Strait of Hormuz page leads with; the end week is the latest week with both prices.
  • Tax share: the pump price split into tax and price before tax for the week of 21 Sep 2026 (Weekly Oil Bulletin prices and published tax rates), as on the pump price page.
  • The three figures are shown side by side, each on its own; no link between them is drawn here.

Go deeper for Italy

Pump prices at stations

Calculated

On 29 September 2026, 4,508 stations in Italy reported an LPG (autogas) (served (attended)) price. Half of them charged €0.749 a litre or less. Eight in ten charged between €0.694 and €0.849.

The EU Weekly Oil Bulletin gives €0.770 for lpg motor fuel in Italy for the week of 21 September 2026, the latest week published: a weekly national average reported by the state, measured differently from the prices stations declare.

Station prices on 29 September 2026, by fuel

  • Diesel, self-servicemedian €2.369 · 20,243 stations€2.190 to €2.429 · bulletin €2.281
  • Diesel, served (attended)median €2.415 · 13,777 stations€2.340 to €2.648 · bulletin €2.281
  • Petrol (benzina), self-servicemedian €2.149 · 20,237 stations€1.990 to €2.199 · bulletin €2.141
  • Petrol (benzina), served (attended)median €2.215 · 13,805 stations€2.147 to €2.419 · bulletin €2.141
  • LPG (autogas), self-servicemedian €0.747 · 155 stations€0.689 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770
  • LPG (autogas), served (attended)median €0.749 · 4,508 stations€0.694 to €0.849 · bulletin €0.770

10th-90th percentile of stations (calculated)median (calculated)Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average (official)

LPG (autogas), served (attended): median at stations and the bulletin, 26 August 2025 to 29 September 2026

The source delivered no data from 1 July 2026 to 25 September 2026; the line is left broken there, not filled in.

No station dataFeb 2026Sep 20260.50.60.70.80.9EUR / litre
  • Median of stations(calculated)
  • 10th-90th percentile of stations(calculated)
  • Weekly Oil Bulletin, national average(official)
  • No station data: the source delivered no station prices

LPG (autogas), served (attended) by province, 29 September 2026

107 provinces. Select a column heading to sort. 3 with fewer than 5 stations show a count only. * marks a code that is not exactly the named area (notes below).

Sort byProvince ↑Median10th pct.90th pct.Stations

Province ↑Median10th pct.90th pct.Stations
AG · Agrigento€0.829€0.709€0.86921
AL · Alessandria€0.729€0.696€0.90160
AN · Ancona€0.769€0.749€0.81364
AR · Arezzo€0.799€0.752€0.83644
AP · Ascoli Piceno€0.761€0.699€0.79920
AT · Asti€0.696€0.669€0.75224
AV · Avellino€0.719€0.694€0.80740
BA · Bari€0.749€0.699€0.78987
BT · Barletta-Andria-Trani€0.754€0.649€0.89423
BL · Belluno€0.759€0.737€0.79915
BN · Benevento€0.700€0.695€0.75822
BG · Bergamo€0.719€0.685€0.78852
BI · Biella€0.699€0.685€0.7478
BO · Bologna€0.739€0.689€0.79278
BZ · Bolzano/Bozen€0.884€0.779€0.92015
BS · Brescia€0.729€0.699€0.767129
BR · Brindisi€0.732€0.679€0.76932
CA · Cagliari*€0.820€0.764€0.85912
CL · Caltanissetta€0.834€0.799€0.89414
CB · Campobasso€0.779€0.751€0.88223
CE · Caserta€0.689€0.649€0.759103
CT · Catania€0.798€0.789€0.83555
CZ · Catanzaro€0.769€0.709€0.83921
CH · Chieti€0.788€0.747€0.89642
CO · Como€0.759€0.745€0.8597
CS · Cosenza€0.839€0.779€0.91546
CR · Cremona€0.719€0.696€0.77733
KR · Crotone€0.799€0.779€0.86911
CN · Cuneo€0.729€0.682€0.76964
EN · Enna€0.790€0.743€0.9079
FM · Fermo€0.762€0.750€0.89232
FE · Ferrara€0.734€0.689€0.79349
FI · Firenze€0.759€0.699€0.85565
FG · Foggia€0.759€0.689€0.89849
FC · Forlì-Cesena€0.718€0.681€0.76943
FR · Frosinone€0.739€0.714€0.77667
GE · Genova€0.939€0.849€0.9539
GO · Gorizia*———1
GR · Grosseto€0.749€0.708€0.79940
IM · Imperia———4
IS · Isernia€0.764€0.749€0.8649
AQ · L'Aquila€0.749€0.707€0.89847
SP · La Spezia€0.834€0.768€0.93512
LT · Latina€0.719€0.689€0.79169
LE · Lecce€0.704€0.679€0.76986
LC · Lecco€0.734€0.704€0.7596
LI · Livorno€0.719€0.698€0.83328
LO · Lodi€0.779€0.749€0.85116
LU · Lucca€0.787€0.719€0.89929
MC · Macerata€0.779€0.749€0.81943
MN · Mantova€0.719€0.689€0.75954
MS · Massa-Carrara€0.854€0.779€0.89911
MT · Matera€0.769€0.751€0.79015
ME · Messina€0.799€0.789€0.88426
MI · Milano€0.751€0.699€0.89492
MO · Modena€0.729€0.680€0.80472
MB · Monza e della Brianza€0.739€0.699€0.79427
NA · Napoli€0.699€0.668€0.781177
NO · Novara€0.744€0.699€0.82434
NU · Nuoro*€0.899€0.871€0.98813
OR · Oristano€0.819€0.749€0.85911
PD · Padova€0.737€0.699€0.786111
PA · Palermo€0.719€0.694€0.85946
PR · Parma€0.778€0.749€0.83355
PV · Pavia€0.734€0.674€0.81446
PG · Perugia€0.769€0.736€0.79968
PU · Pesaro e Urbino€0.799€0.744€0.83946
PE · Pescara€0.797€0.741€0.79915
PC · Piacenza€0.738€0.699€0.82145
PI · Pisa€0.739€0.669€0.79460
PT · Pistoia€0.729€0.699€0.80020
PN · Pordenone*€0.729€0.694€0.75927
PZ · Potenza€0.769€0.654€0.79941
PO · Prato€0.699€0.677€0.73312
RG · Ragusa€0.776€0.767€0.80120
RA · Ravenna€0.729€0.683€0.76955
RC · Reggio Calabria€0.769€0.729€0.83525
RE · Reggio nell'Emilia€0.739€0.729€0.79461
RI · Rieti€0.729€0.698€0.78020
RN · Rimini€0.719€0.677€0.78436
RM · Roma€0.729€0.689€0.799244
RO · Rovigo€0.719€0.674€0.79944
SA · Salerno€0.744€0.699€0.82178
SS · Sassari*€0.899€0.821€0.95029
SV · Savona€0.848€0.749€0.87512
SI · Siena€0.769€0.739€0.82733
SR · Siracusa€0.779€0.723€0.82522
SO · Sondrio€0.759€0.711€0.7895
SU · Sud Sardegna*€0.798€0.737€0.87920
TA · Taranto€0.739€0.699€0.77337
TE · Teramo€0.779€0.768€0.91033
TR · Terni€0.759€0.749€0.81624
TO · Torino€0.729€0.691€0.799145
TP · Trapani€0.850€0.796€0.89928
TN · Trento€0.779€0.699€0.88628
TV · Treviso€0.739€0.719€0.78991
TS · Trieste*———2
UD · Udine*€0.716€0.699€0.76552
AO · Valle d'Aosta/Vallée d'Aoste€0.879€0.843€0.9425
VA · Varese€0.744€0.729€0.85122
VE · Venezia€0.739€0.729€0.84170
VB · Verbano-Cusio-Ossola€0.869€0.783€0.9655
VC · Vercelli€0.709€0.659€0.88822
VR · Verona€0.749€0.699€0.81997
VV · Vibo Valentia€0.759€0.739€0.8799
VI · Vicenza€0.759€0.699€0.82981
VT · Viterbo€0.739€0.699€0.79951
Where the code and the named area differ (8)
  • CA · Cagliari: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); Cagliari now also takes in communes of the former Sud Sardegna. A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
  • GO · Gorizia: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
  • NU · Nuoro: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); part of Nuoro went to the new Province of Ogliastra (OG). A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
  • PN · Pordenone: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
  • SS · Sassari: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); the Province of Sassari became the Città metropolitana di Sassari, and its Gallura communes went to Gallura Nord-Est Sardegna (OT). A station may still carry its pre-2026 code.
  • SU · Sud Sardegna: Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026 (ISTAT); Sud Sardegna was abolished and its communes went to Cagliari, Medio Campidano (VS), Sulcis Iglesiente (CI), and one commune each to Ogliastra (OG) and Nuoro (NU). The station registry still uses this code.
  • TS · Trieste: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
  • UD · Udine: A former province of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, abolished under regional law 20/2016; ISTAT keeps it for statistical purposes only.
Source & method
Source
  • Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT), Osservatorio prezzi carburanti — Carburanti - prezzi praticati (prezzo_alle_8) e anagrafica degli impianti attivi
  • European Commission, DG Energy — Weekly Oil Bulletin
Every source, with links and licences
Period
Latest day 29 September 2026
Method
How this figure is made

Source: Osservatorio prezzi carburanti, data provided by the Ministero delle Imprese e del Made in Italy (MIMIT). Licence: IODL 2.0. Latest day used: 29 September 2026.

Licence: IODL 2.0 (Italian Open Data License) · Dataset: publisher's page

Station prices are published by the state and declared by the stations themselves (official, self-declared). The spread, median and regional figures are our arithmetic on them (calculated). The Weekly Oil Bulletin is a weekly national average that the state reports to the European Commission (official); it is measured differently, so a gap between the two is a difference of method, not an error.

A station counts on a day only if the source still reported its price that day (its own last report no more than 30 days old); a day the source did not deliver is left out, never filled in. Regions with fewer than 5 stations show a count only. Figures are EUR per litre as published, taxes included. Maximum prices set by a government are never shown as a station price.

Province: The province code (sigla) the station registry gives for each station, named from ISTAT's list. Sardinia's provinces were redrawn on 1 January 2026, so a Sardinian station may still carry its earlier code.

Crude origins

Calculated

10 refineries · 68.7 Mt/a where comparable.

In June 2026, 14 countries supplied crude imports; the largest three accounted for 58%.

Share of crude imports by origin, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares, over the months with figures in each window
Jan 2025Jun 20260%25%50%75%100%Libya 24.2%Azerbaijan 12.8%Kazakhstan 17.8%United States 12.5%Other origins 24.3%
  • Libya
  • Azerbaijan
  • Kazakhstan
  • United States
  • Iraq
  • Saudi Arabia
  • Other origins
  • Origin not published

Share of crude imports, June 2026 (published)

0%50%100%LibyaKazakhstanUnited StatesAzerbaijanSaudi ArabiaBrazilOther origins24.3%20.0%13.8%11.7%7.6%5.6%17.1%

Since January 2023: Iraq −15.4 pt, Libya +9.9 pt.

Share of crude imports, June 2026: all origins
Country of originShareTonnes
Libya24%1,182,200
Kazakhstan20%974,227
United States14%670,684
Azerbaijan12%569,095
Saudi Arabia8%367,894
Brazil6%271,344
Other origins17%
All 10 refineries
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
  • Refinery operators and national regulators (cited per row) — Fuel Origin curated refinery reference list
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Download
Download CSV

Product origins

Calculated

Petrol imports, June 2026: Greece 74%, Spain 26%.

Share of petrol imports by country last shipped from, to June 2026

3-month average of monthly shares, over the months with figures in each window
Dec 2025Jun 20260%25%50%75%100%Greece 56.4%Spain 43.6%
  • Greece
  • Netherlands
  • Spain
  • Austria
  • Romania
  • Israel
  • Other origins

Share of petrol imports, June 2026 (published)

0%50%100%GreeceSpain74.3%25.7%
Share of petrol imports, June 2026 (published): all countries last shipped from
Country last shipped fromShareTonnes
Greece74%86,932
Spain26%30,026
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Imports of oil and petroleum products by partner country - monthly data
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Download
Download CSV

Stocks & days of cover

Official

90 days of emergency stock cover in June 2026.

Closing stocks: 17,170,285 tonnes, +1.4% against the 12-month average.

Closing stocks, to June 2026

Jan 2025Jun 202615M16M17M18M19M
  • Closing stocks
  • 12-month average

Days of cover, to June 2026

Jan 2025Jun 20267580859095
Source & method
Source
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Emergency oil stocks in days equivalent - monthly data
  • Eurostat (European Commission) — Stock levels for oil products - monthly data
Every source, with links and licences
Period
June 2026
Method
How this figure is made
Which method the member state used
  • Stock calculation method: method 1
  • Minimum obligation method: method 1
  • Days calculation method: method 2
Download
Download CSV

Recent events

Official

All events →

Source & method
Source
  • International Energy Agency — Event timeline, cited per event
  • US Energy Information Administration — Event timeline, cited per event
  • European Commission — Event timeline, cited per event
  • European Council — Event timeline, cited per event
  • National legislators — Event timeline, cited per event
Every source, with links and licences
Method
How this figure is made